US History Chapter 19 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was the immediate cause of World War I?

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

What was the period of time after WWI that Americans feared a Communist takeover called?

Red Scare

What agency was in charge of producing war materials during the war?

War Industries Board

Who headed the War Industries Board?

Bernard Baruch Signup and view all the answers

Which industry experienced the largest strike after World War I?

Steel industry Signup and view all the answers

What laws were created to cut down on criticism of the war effort?

Sedition and Espionage Act Signup and view all the answers

What act instituted the draft in the United States?

Selective Service Act Signup and view all the answers

Which two publications lost their mailing privileges during the war?

New York Times and Saturday Evening Post Signup and view all the answers

What were four underlying causes of World War I?

Nationalism, system of alliances, militarism, and imperialism Signup and view all the answers

Which region in Europe was referred to as the powder-keg?

Balkans Signup and view all the answers

What agency dealt with disputes between management and labor during the war?

National War Labor Board Signup and view all the answers

Name six battles American troops participated in.

Meuse-Argonne Forest, Cantigny, Belleau Woods, Chateau Thierry, 2nd Battle of the Marne, Saint Mihiel Signup and view all the answers

What agency was in charge of selling the war to the American people?

Committee of Public Information Signup and view all the answers

Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Information?

George Creel Signup and view all the answers

What date did the US declare war on Germany?

April 6, 1917 Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the African American regiment that saw continuous fighting on the Western Front?

369th Infantry Regiment Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways the US paid for the war?

Liberty or victory bonds and taxes Signup and view all the answers

Who commanded all the Allied forces during the war?

Marshal Ferdinand Foch Signup and view all the answers

Which allied power pulled out of the war in 1918?

Russia Signup and view all the answers

What court case established that speech could be regulated if it presented a clear and present danger?

Schenck v. U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What does self-determination mean?

Allowing a country to choose its own form of government Signup and view all the answers

Who was arrested and jailed for encouraging men not to sign up for the draft?

Emma Goldman Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the British passenger ship that was torpedoed by Germans?

Lusitania Signup and view all the answers

Who was the commander of the American forces during WWI?

John J. Pershing Signup and view all the answers

What nickname was given to American soldiers?

Doughboys Signup and view all the answers

What was the pledge in which Germany promised to end unrestricted submarine warfare called?

Sussex Pledge Signup and view all the answers

What was President Wilson's plan for peace called?

14 Points Plan Signup and view all the answers

Who was the African American leader who believed that African Americans should support war efforts?

W.E.B. Du Bois Signup and view all the answers

Who was the attorney general who conducted a series of raids hoping to rid the country of the communist element?

A. Mitchell Palmer Signup and view all the answers

What is the land between trenches called?

No man's land Signup and view all the answers

Who was America's flying ace during WWI?

Eddy Rickenbacker Signup and view all the answers

What new weapon did the British introduce during the war?

Tanks Signup and view all the answers

What movie star encouraged Americans to support the war?

Mary Pickford Signup and view all the answers

Which senator would have accepted the Treaty of Versailles if certain conditions were made?

Henry Cabot Lodge Signup and view all the answers

Who was the ruler of Russia who was forced to abdicate during the war?

Czar Nicholas II Signup and view all the answers

What organization was created to prevent future wars, which the US did not join?

League of Nations Signup and view all the answers

What were two groups created during the war to spy on other Americans?

American Protective League and Boy Spies of America Signup and view all the answers

Name the Central Powers of World War I.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria Signup and view all the answers

Name the Allied Powers of World War I.

Great Britain, France, Russia, US (1917), Italy (1915), Serbia Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Bosnian revolutionary that assassinated Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo?

Gavrilo Princip Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when Germany didn't specify or limit the amount or type of help Austria could expect?

Blank check Signup and view all the answers

What form of government was established by the first revolution in Russia in 1917?

Representative democracy Signup and view all the answers

Who led the second revolution in Russia?

Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks Signup and view all the answers

What two systems were established as a result of the second revolution in Russia?

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and communism Signup and view all the answers

What was the treaty that Russia signed with Germany to formally withdraw from the war?

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Signup and view all the answers

What agency controlled the railroads in the USA during the war?

Railroad Administration Signup and view all the answers

What agency monitored the nation's coal supplies and created daylight saving time during the war?

Fuel Administration Signup and view all the answers

What agency, headed by Herbert Hoover, helped preserve food during the war?

Food Administration Signup and view all the answers

Who was sentenced and jailed for attending an anti-war meeting and giving 25 cents to the war effort?

Walter Mathey Signup and view all the answers

Who was sentenced and jailed for 15 years for telling a Bible class that Christians shouldn't participate in wars?

Reverend Clarence Waldren Signup and view all the answers

Who was denied his congressional seat because of his anti-war views?

Victor Berger Signup and view all the answers

Who was the head of the International Workers of the World who was sentenced for supposedly sabotaging the war effort?

Big Bill Haywood Signup and view all the answers

Who was an African American who said African Americans shouldn't support the war because the American government was racist?

William Trotter Signup and view all the answers

What was the nickname given to African Americans who fought in the war?

Harlem Hell Fighters Signup and view all the answers

Who were the black American war heroes?

Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts Signup and view all the answers

Who was the American hero who, armed only with a rifle and a revolver, killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners?

Alvin York Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Mexican dictator who fled when the revolution erupted?

Porfirio Diaz Signup and view all the answers

Who replaced Diaz as ruler of Mexico but was an unskilled ruler?

Francisco Madero Signup and view all the answers

Who seized power in Mexico and most likely ordered the murder of Madero?

Victoriano Huerta Signup and view all the answers

Who led a group of guerrillas that burned down Columbus, NM and killed Americans?

Pancho Villa Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first woman to be elected in Congress and held true to her pacifist beliefs?

Jeanette Rankin Signup and view all the answers

Who was Wilson's Secretary of State and the only cabinet member to favor neutrality?

William Jennings Bryan Signup and view all the answers

Who was Wilson's Secretary of Treasury and pro British, limiting loans to Germany?

William McAdoo Signup and view all the answers

Who was the German official who sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico to make an offer of alliance?

Arthur Zimmerman Signup and view all the answers

Who was head of the Fuel Administration?

Harry Garfield Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two men in charge of the National War Labor Board?

William Howard Taft and Frank Walsh Signup and view all the answers

Who was the British Prime Minister during WWI?

David Lloyd George Signup and view all the answers

Who was the French premier during WWI?

Georges Clemenceau Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Italian Prime Minister in WWI?

Vittorio Orlando Signup and view all the answers

Who was the head of the General Intelligence Division?

J. Edgar Hoover Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immediate Causes of World War I

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war.
Balkans region labeled as the "powder-keg" due to ethnic tensions and nationalist movements.

Underlying Causes of World War I

Four main factors: nationalism, systems of alliances, militarism, and imperialism.

Major U.S. Policies and Acts

Selective Service Act instituted the draft to enlist soldiers for the war.
Sedition and Espionage Acts aimed to suppress dissent and criticism of the war effort.

War Administration Agencies

War Industry Board managed production of war materials, led by Bernard Baruch.
National War Labor Board handled labor disputes affecting war industries.
Fuel Administration regulated coal supplies and introduced daylight savings time.
Food Administration, led by Herbert Hoover, managed food conservation and promoted victory gardens.

American Expeditionary Forces

John J. Pershing commanded American forces in WWI.
Doughboys was the nickname for American soldiers.
369th Infantry Regiment, known for its continuous fighting on the Western Front.

Public Sentiment and Propaganda

Committee of Public Information, led by George Creel, orchestrated propaganda to promote the war.
Mary Pickford urged American support for the war through her celebrity influence.

Federal Control and Oversight

The Railroad Administration controlled U.S. railroads during the war.
Groups like the American Protective League and Boy Spies of America emerged to monitor and spy on citizens.

Key Battles and Military Movements

American troops participated in significant battles like Meuse-Argonne Forest and Belleau Woods.

War Financing

Liberty and victory bonds, alongside taxes, were principal means for funding the war.

Notable Legal Cases and Civil Liberties

Schenck v. U.S. established limitations on free speech if it presents a clear and present danger.

Post-War Impacts and Treaties

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk marked Russia's withdrawal from the war.
League of Nations was proposed to prevent future conflicts, but the U.S. did not join.

Significant Personalities

Czar Nicholas II abdicated during the Russo-Japanese conflict, leading to political turmoil.
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution.
Alvin York emerged as an American hero for remarkable valor on the battlefield.

Mexican Revolution Context

Porfirio Diaz, a dictator, fled during the revolution; Francisco Madero succeeded him but struggled in leadership.
Pancho Villa led guerrilla attacks, increasing tensions with the U.S. as he targeted American interests.

Opposition to War

Emma Goldman and other anti-war activists faced legal repercussions for their views.
William Trotter advocated against African American support for the war due to systemic racism.

International Leadership during the War

David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando were key Allied leaders.
Arthur Zimmerman’s infamous telegram proposed alliances, further escalating tensions with Mexico.

Additional Notes

The U.S. experienced a Red Scare post-WWI due to fears of communism.
Strikes erupted in the steel industry after the war, causing labor unrest.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts from US History Chapter 19 with these flashcards. This chapter covers significant events and figures related to World War I and its aftermath, including economic changes and societal fears. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this period.