Questions and Answers
What was the immediate cause of World War I?
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What was the period of time after WWI that Americans feared a Communist takeover called?
Red Scare
What agency was in charge of producing war materials during the war?
War Industries Board
Who headed the War Industries Board?
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Which industry experienced the largest strike after World War I?
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What laws were created to cut down on criticism of the war effort?
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What act instituted the draft in the United States?
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Which two publications lost their mailing privileges during the war?
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What were four underlying causes of World War I?
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Which region in Europe was referred to as the powder-keg?
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What agency dealt with disputes between management and labor during the war?
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Name six battles American troops participated in.
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What agency was in charge of selling the war to the American people?
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Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Information?
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What date did the US declare war on Germany?
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What was the name of the African American regiment that saw continuous fighting on the Western Front?
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What are two ways the US paid for the war?
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Who commanded all the Allied forces during the war?
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Which allied power pulled out of the war in 1918?
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What court case established that speech could be regulated if it presented a clear and present danger?
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What does self-determination mean?
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Who was arrested and jailed for encouraging men not to sign up for the draft?
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What was the name of the British passenger ship that was torpedoed by Germans?
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Who was the commander of the American forces during WWI?
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What nickname was given to American soldiers?
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What was the pledge in which Germany promised to end unrestricted submarine warfare called?
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What was President Wilson's plan for peace called?
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Who was the African American leader who believed that African Americans should support war efforts?
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Who was the attorney general who conducted a series of raids hoping to rid the country of the communist element?
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What is the land between trenches called?
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Who was America's flying ace during WWI?
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What new weapon did the British introduce during the war?
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What movie star encouraged Americans to support the war?
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Which senator would have accepted the Treaty of Versailles if certain conditions were made?
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Who was the ruler of Russia who was forced to abdicate during the war?
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What organization was created to prevent future wars, which the US did not join?
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What were two groups created during the war to spy on other Americans?
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Name the Central Powers of World War I.
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Name the Allied Powers of World War I.
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Who was the Bosnian revolutionary that assassinated Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo?
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What is the term for when Germany didn't specify or limit the amount or type of help Austria could expect?
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What form of government was established by the first revolution in Russia in 1917?
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Who led the second revolution in Russia?
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What two systems were established as a result of the second revolution in Russia?
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What was the treaty that Russia signed with Germany to formally withdraw from the war?
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What agency controlled the railroads in the USA during the war?
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What agency monitored the nation's coal supplies and created daylight saving time during the war?
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What agency, headed by Herbert Hoover, helped preserve food during the war?
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Who was sentenced and jailed for attending an anti-war meeting and giving 25 cents to the war effort?
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Who was sentenced and jailed for 15 years for telling a Bible class that Christians shouldn't participate in wars?
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Who was denied his congressional seat because of his anti-war views?
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Who was the head of the International Workers of the World who was sentenced for supposedly sabotaging the war effort?
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Who was an African American who said African Americans shouldn't support the war because the American government was racist?
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What was the nickname given to African Americans who fought in the war?
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Who were the black American war heroes?
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Who was the American hero who, armed only with a rifle and a revolver, killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners?
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Who was the Mexican dictator who fled when the revolution erupted?
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Who replaced Diaz as ruler of Mexico but was an unskilled ruler?
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Who seized power in Mexico and most likely ordered the murder of Madero?
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Who led a group of guerrillas that burned down Columbus, NM and killed Americans?
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Who was the first woman to be elected in Congress and held true to her pacifist beliefs?
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Who was Wilson's Secretary of State and the only cabinet member to favor neutrality?
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Who was Wilson's Secretary of Treasury and pro British, limiting loans to Germany?
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Who was the German official who sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico to make an offer of alliance?
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Who was head of the Fuel Administration?
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Who were the two men in charge of the National War Labor Board?
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Who was the British Prime Minister during WWI?
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Who was the French premier during WWI?
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Who was the Italian Prime Minister in WWI?
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Who was the head of the General Intelligence Division?
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Study Notes
Immediate Causes of World War I
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war.
- Balkans region labeled as the "powder-keg" due to ethnic tensions and nationalist movements.
Underlying Causes of World War I
- Four main factors: nationalism, systems of alliances, militarism, and imperialism.
Major U.S. Policies and Acts
- Selective Service Act instituted the draft to enlist soldiers for the war.
- Sedition and Espionage Acts aimed to suppress dissent and criticism of the war effort.
War Administration Agencies
- War Industry Board managed production of war materials, led by Bernard Baruch.
- National War Labor Board handled labor disputes affecting war industries.
- Fuel Administration regulated coal supplies and introduced daylight savings time.
- Food Administration, led by Herbert Hoover, managed food conservation and promoted victory gardens.
American Expeditionary Forces
- John J. Pershing commanded American forces in WWI.
- Doughboys was the nickname for American soldiers.
- 369th Infantry Regiment, known for its continuous fighting on the Western Front.
Public Sentiment and Propaganda
- Committee of Public Information, led by George Creel, orchestrated propaganda to promote the war.
- Mary Pickford urged American support for the war through her celebrity influence.
Federal Control and Oversight
- The Railroad Administration controlled U.S. railroads during the war.
- Groups like the American Protective League and Boy Spies of America emerged to monitor and spy on citizens.
Key Battles and Military Movements
- American troops participated in significant battles like Meuse-Argonne Forest and Belleau Woods.
War Financing
- Liberty and victory bonds, alongside taxes, were principal means for funding the war.
Notable Legal Cases and Civil Liberties
- Schenck v. U.S. established limitations on free speech if it presents a clear and present danger.
Post-War Impacts and Treaties
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk marked Russia's withdrawal from the war.
- League of Nations was proposed to prevent future conflicts, but the U.S. did not join.
Significant Personalities
- Czar Nicholas II abdicated during the Russo-Japanese conflict, leading to political turmoil.
- Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution.
- Alvin York emerged as an American hero for remarkable valor on the battlefield.
Mexican Revolution Context
- Porfirio Diaz, a dictator, fled during the revolution; Francisco Madero succeeded him but struggled in leadership.
- Pancho Villa led guerrilla attacks, increasing tensions with the U.S. as he targeted American interests.
Opposition to War
- Emma Goldman and other anti-war activists faced legal repercussions for their views.
- William Trotter advocated against African American support for the war due to systemic racism.
International Leadership during the War
- David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando were key Allied leaders.
- Arthur Zimmerman’s infamous telegram proposed alliances, further escalating tensions with Mexico.
Additional Notes
- The U.S. experienced a Red Scare post-WWI due to fears of communism.
- Strikes erupted in the steel industry after the war, causing labor unrest.
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Test your knowledge of key concepts from US History Chapter 19 with these flashcards. This chapter covers significant events and figures related to World War I and its aftermath, including economic changes and societal fears. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this period.