US History Chapter 18 Review

Questions and Answers

What term was given to African American soldiers by Native Americans?

Buffalo soldiers

Why was the US army unable to stop Native American raids in West Texas soon after the Civil War?

Too few troops posted at forts, forts were far apart, shortage of supplies, and officers not trained for frontier war.

Why did some Native American bands feel they did not need to abide by the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek?

Not all leaders signed the treaty.

What did Native Americans give up when they signed the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek?

Their opposition to railroad construction and claim to lands in the Plains. Signup and view all the answers

What did Native Americans receive for signing the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek?

Large amounts of land for reservations and supplies. Signup and view all the answers

How did the actions of the US government contribute to the failure of the Treaty?

Federal agents controlled the reservations and mismanaged supplies. Signup and view all the answers

How did President Grant try to improve relations with Native Americans?

By removing corrupt agents and appointing missionaries and Quakers. Signup and view all the answers

What is sinew?

Strong tissues that connect muscles to bone. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Sherman go on a tour of West Texas in 1871?

To investigate raids between Native Americans and settlers. Signup and view all the answers

What changes did General Sherman order after the Warren Wagon Train raid?

US troops were ordered to pursue any Native Americans not on the reservation. Signup and view all the answers

Colonel Mackenzie's raids were effective in bringing peace to West Texas on his first attempt.

False Signup and view all the answers

Why did US army officials support buffalo hunters and the destruction of buffalo populations?

To control the Native American populations reliant on buffalo. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mackenzie's surprise attack at Palo Duro Canyon affect the outcome of the West Texas war?

Troops burned villages and took horses, leading Native Americans to move onto the reservation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a deserter?

A person who illegally leaves the armed forces. Signup and view all the answers

What is a renegade?

A person who rejects lawful behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the buffalo soldiers earn the respect of Native Americans and the US government?

For their bravery and skills despite poor supplies. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Grierson and Hatch lead a group of buffalo soldiers against Victorio in 1880?

Victorio started raiding settlements due to poor conditions on the reservation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Texas Rangers?

To fight outlaws and maintain order, often using cruel methods. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the population of West Texas grow from 1870-1890?

The railroad facilitated movement and most Indians were on reservations. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Buffalo Soldiers

Name given to African American soldiers by Native Americans, honoring their skill and bravery.

Challenges Post-Civil War

Insufficient troops were stationed in West Texas, with forts distant from each other.
Shortages of food, horses, and supplies hindered military operations.
Army officers lacked training for frontier warfare, making them ill-prepared.
Native Americans executed quick attacks, utilizing terrain for concealment; bows proved to be more effective than soldiers' slow-loading guns.

Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (MLC)

Certain Native American bands felt exempt from the treaty due to lack of consensus among tribal leaders.
Native Americans agreed to cease opposition to railroad construction across the Plains and relinquished claims to Plains lands.
They were required to relocate to a reservation in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).

Benefits and Failures of the Treaty

Native Americans received land designated for reservations and supplies, with a stipulation that no soldiers could enter these areas.
U.S. government control over reservations undermined treaty terms; corrupt federal agents failed to provide promised supplies, instead selling them for profit.

President Grant's Initiatives

Aimed to improve relations with Native Americans by treating them fairly, believing it would reduce raids on settlers.
Removed corrupt agents and appointed missionaries and Quakers to oversee reservations, as Quakers advocate for non-violence.

Military Engagements

General Sherman toured West Texas in 1871 to assess conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.
Following the Warren Wagon train raid, he ordered troops to pursue Native Americans outside reservations and destroy their camps.
Colonel Mackenzie's initial raids were ineffective, but subsequent efforts along the Rio Grande reduced raiding incidents.

Impact of Buffalo Population Decline

Buffalo hunting was endorsed by U.S. officials as it significantly affected Native American livelihoods; decreasing buffalo populations were part of strategies to control Native American resistance.

Mackenzie and West Texas War

Mackenzie's surprise attack at Palo Duro Canyon devastated Native American supplies, forcing them to relocate to reservations and fostering a period of peace.

Definitions

Deserter: Individual who unlawfully leaves military service before their duty ends.
Renegade: Person who abandons lawful behavior.

Buffalo Soldiers' Legacy

Gained respect from both Native Americans and the U.S. government due to bravery and operational effectiveness despite limited resources.

Late 19th Century Conflicts

Grierson and Hatch led buffalo soldiers against Apache leader Victorio in response to raids caused by poor reservation conditions.

Role of Texas Rangers

Tasked with combating outlaws, a role that sometimes involved harsh and illegal actions.

Population Growth in West Texas

Population surged from 1870-1890 due to railroad accessibility and the relocation of Native Americans to reservations, enabling settlers to move in more freely.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key terms and concepts from Chapter 18 of US history, particularly the experiences of Buffalo Soldiers and the challenges faced by the US Army in west Texas after the Civil War. Test your knowledge of this crucial period in American history.