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Questions and Answers
What was a common characteristic of the methods of resistance adopted by enslaved people?
What was a common characteristic of the methods of resistance adopted by enslaved people?
They all reduced planters' profits through violence or subtler means.
The Köprülü reforms demonstrated that the Ottoman government lacked the will and the ability to respond to internal challenges.
The Köprülü reforms demonstrated that the Ottoman government lacked the will and the ability to respond to internal challenges.
False
What assertion about the Atlantic slave trade is best supported by the graph on pages 640-641?
What assertion about the Atlantic slave trade is best supported by the graph on pages 640-641?
Brazilian slaveholders preferred to purchase men over women or children.
Which of the following European developments would have been most familiar to Qing government officials from their experience governing China?
Which of the following European developments would have been most familiar to Qing government officials from their experience governing China?
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Most enslaved Africans on the Caribbean islands worked in sugar, coffee, and tobacco agriculture.
Most enslaved Africans on the Caribbean islands worked in sugar, coffee, and tobacco agriculture.
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What event was a contest among European powers for control of both colonies and global trade networks?
What event was a contest among European powers for control of both colonies and global trade networks?
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Mercantilists believed that there was a fixed amount of wealth in the world, and they cooperated to share equal access to that wealth among European powers.
Mercantilists believed that there was a fixed amount of wealth in the world, and they cooperated to share equal access to that wealth among European powers.
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Who or what was responsible for facilitating global networks in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Who or what was responsible for facilitating global networks in the 17th and 18th centuries?
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How did the Qing government manage trade between China and the outside world?
How did the Qing government manage trade between China and the outside world?
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What institutions involved merchants who benefited from a government-supported monopoly on trade?
What institutions involved merchants who benefited from a government-supported monopoly on trade?
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Scholars believe the Little Ice Age was caused by human activity - specifically by widespread burning of wood and coal.
Scholars believe the Little Ice Age was caused by human activity - specifically by widespread burning of wood and coal.
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What is likely an explanation for the movement of silver through the Netherlands?
What is likely an explanation for the movement of silver through the Netherlands?
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What does the presence of Portuguese soldiers in the sculpture indicate about Portuguese-Benin relations and slave trade in this period?
What does the presence of Portuguese soldiers in the sculpture indicate about Portuguese-Benin relations and slave trade in this period?
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In what ways were the experiences of coastal merchants in India and West Africa similar?
In what ways were the experiences of coastal merchants in India and West Africa similar?
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In the 17th century, the French government became ________, which placed extraordinary legal and moral power in the hands of the king.
In the 17th century, the French government became ________, which placed extraordinary legal and moral power in the hands of the king.
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This political structure asserts the _____, an idea that uses religious concepts to bolster _______.
This political structure asserts the _____, an idea that uses religious concepts to bolster _______.
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With the exception of Dutch merchant ships, the Tokugawa shogunate closed Japan entirely to external trade.
With the exception of Dutch merchant ships, the Tokugawa shogunate closed Japan entirely to external trade.
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In what ways did the Thirty Years' War mirror broader European economic changes?
In what ways did the Thirty Years' War mirror broader European economic changes?
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The ______ is an example of a _______ using legislative and military power to protect the commercial success of _______.
The ______ is an example of a _______ using legislative and military power to protect the commercial success of _______.
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Thanks to Amsterdam's position as the _______ in the world, the _________ raised centimes the capital of its English counterpart - the royal chartered __________.
Thanks to Amsterdam's position as the _______ in the world, the _________ raised centimes the capital of its English counterpart - the royal chartered __________.
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The English model of colonization was based on commercially profitable ________, which led to armed conflict and _______.
The English model of colonization was based on commercially profitable ________, which led to armed conflict and _______.
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The French model of colonization was based on commercially profitable ________, which depended on the _________ of Native Americans and led to complex.
The French model of colonization was based on commercially profitable ________, which depended on the _________ of Native Americans and led to complex.
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The alliance among the ______, the Egyptian merchants, and the local _______ undermined Ottoman control over Egypt, which had been an important source of _______ to the empire.
The alliance among the ______, the Egyptian merchants, and the local _______ undermined Ottoman control over Egypt, which had been an important source of _______ to the empire.
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How did climate change during the Little Ice Age impact the societies affected by it?
How did climate change during the Little Ice Age impact the societies affected by it?
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According to Baron de Wimpffen, which dividing line had the greatest effect on people's social standing and opportunities in Caribbean society?
According to Baron de Wimpffen, which dividing line had the greatest effect on people's social standing and opportunities in Caribbean society?
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In this increasingly global economy, trade began to entail more than just the products for sale. Commercial enterprises were only truly viable because of __________.
In this increasingly global economy, trade began to entail more than just the products for sale. Commercial enterprises were only truly viable because of __________.
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Voyages were made safer and more profitable through developments such as the ___________.
Voyages were made safer and more profitable through developments such as the ___________.
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These global developments then gave rise to changes in economic behavior within Europe, like the _____ in England.
These global developments then gave rise to changes in economic behavior within Europe, like the _____ in England.
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Colder, drier conditions in West Africa led to ______. In Europe, the decline in food production helped fuel _______. In Ming China, dry pastureland sparked _______.
Colder, drier conditions in West Africa led to ______. In Europe, the decline in food production helped fuel _______. In Ming China, dry pastureland sparked _______.
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What global developments and entities made large-scale sugar cultivation possible?
What global developments and entities made large-scale sugar cultivation possible?
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When was the Little Ice Age?
When was the Little Ice Age?
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What conclusion can be drawn from the information about the use of silver in the Ottoman Empire and Ming China?
What conclusion can be drawn from the information about the use of silver in the Ottoman Empire and Ming China?
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Qing China attempted to regulate European interactions in Chinese territory through _______, which required European merchants to trade through approved Chinese guild merchants.
Qing China attempted to regulate European interactions in Chinese territory through _______, which required European merchants to trade through approved Chinese guild merchants.
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By contrast, independent Indian merchants formed ______ and extensive ________, and the Mughal government paid little attention to their commercial interactions.
By contrast, independent Indian merchants formed ______ and extensive ________, and the Mughal government paid little attention to their commercial interactions.
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Study Notes
Enslaved Resistance and Profit Loss
- Resistance methods by enslaved people aimed to undermine planter profits, utilizing both violent and subtle tactics.
Ottoman Reforms
- The Köprülü reforms effectively tackled inflation, tax inefficiencies, and governmental corruption, indicating the Ottoman government's responsiveness to internal challenges.
Atlantic Slave Trade Preferences
- Data reveals Brazilian slaveholders predominantly favored acquiring men over women and children during the slave trade.
European Imperial Governance
- The concept of the divine right of kings was familiar to Qing officials, reflecting similar governmental structures across empires in the 17th century.
Labor in the Caribbean
- The majority of enslaved Africans on Caribbean islands were engaged in agriculture, particularly in sugar, coffee, and tobacco production.
Seven Years' War
- This conflict represented a struggle among European nations for dominance over colonial territories and global trading routes.
Mercantilist Beliefs
- Contrary to cooperation among European powers, mercantilists viewed wealth as fixed, leading to competitive strategies for accumulation rather than shared access.
Global Trade Networks
- Chartered companies played a pivotal role in facilitating global trade networks throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.
Qing Trade Management
- The Canton system was implemented by the Qing government to regulate foreign trade and interactions with Western merchants.
Merchant Monopoly
- Governments supported merchant monopolies through institutions like the English East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, enhancing trade control.
Causes of the Little Ice Age
- Natural factors, rather than human activities, are believed to have caused the Little Ice Age, affecting agriculture and economies across various regions.
Financing Trade Ventures
- In the Netherlands, financial institutions funded English and Dutch merchants' trade expeditions to India and China, boosting their global trade engagement.
Portuguese-Benin Relations
- The presence of Portuguese soldiers indicated that Benin gained power through the slave trade, supported by Portuguese trading forts along its coast.
Coastal Merchants in India and West Africa
- Both regions experienced enhanced power for coastal merchants due to European demand for specific commodities, altering local dynamics and political structures.
Absolute Monarchy in France
- In the 17th century, France established an absolute monarchy, grounding its authority in the divine right of kings to strengthen state power.
Japanese Trade Policies
- While Japan was largely closed to external trade, the Tokugawa shogunate allowed Dutch merchants to continue trading, maintaining some openness with Korea and China.
Thirty Years' War and Economic Changes
- The war highlighted shifts in European economies, reflecting changes like professional soldiers, advancements in military technology, and the establishment of large government-sponsored armies.
English Navigation Act of 1651
- This legislation exemplified a government strategy to protect merchant commercial interests through legal and military means.
Dutch Financial Dominance
- Amsterdam emerged as the most favorable location for borrowing money, significantly impacting the capital available to the Dutch East India Company compared to its English counterpart.
Colonization Models
- English colonization focused on profitable agriculture, leading to conflict and land dispossession of Native Americans, while the French model revolved around fur trading and alliances with Native Americans.
Ottoman Control in Egypt
- The alliance among the Mamluks, Egyptian merchants, and the ulama weakened Ottoman authority in Egypt, crucial for tax revenue.
Impact of the Little Ice Age
- Climate change resulted in irregular precipitation and shortened growing seasons, causing drought and food supply issues in affected societies.
Social Divisions in Caribbean Society
- Race emerged as the primary determinant of social standing and opportunities in Caribbean society, influencing access and privileges.
Global Economy Developments
- The viability of commercial enterprises relied on innovations like stock markets and cargo insurance, which were crucial for safe and profitable trade operations.
Effects of Environmental Changes
- In West Africa, drier conditions led to desertification; in Europe, declining food production contributed to the Thirty Years' War; in Ming China, drought prompted dynastic changes.
Sugar Cultivation Support
- Large-scale sugar cultivation depended on financial institutions for loans and insurance, along with a robust trade network providing enslaved labor.
Timeline of the Little Ice Age
- The Little Ice Age effects began to manifest in the 14th century, with its most intense period occurring in the 17th century.
Silver in Ottoman Empire and Ming China
- Both empires experienced destabilization due to influxes of New World silver, underscoring the significance of money supply control as a governmental power.
Trade Regulation in Qing China
- The Canton system regulated European traders, contrasting with independent Indian merchants who operated through established trading companies and broad trade networks.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 13 of US History. This quiz covers important methods of resistance by enslaved people and significant reforms in the Ottoman Empire. Review these flashcards to strengthen your understanding of historical events and their implications.
