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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the group of people who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787?
What is the name of the group of people who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787?
Antifederalists
What was the first constitution of the United States called?
What was the first constitution of the United States called?
Articles of Confederation
What is the term for a legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies?
What is the term for a legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies?
Bicameralism
What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called?
What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called?
What is the system of overlapping powers designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
What is the system of overlapping powers designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
What parliamentary procedure ends debate and forces a vote on a bill or issue?
What parliamentary procedure ends debate and forces a vote on a bill or issue?
What is a coordinated effort by a group of people to achieve a shared goal or address a common issue called?
What is a coordinated effort by a group of people to achieve a shared goal or address a common issue called?
Correlation proves causation.
Correlation proves causation.
What section of the U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate commerce?
What section of the U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate commerce?
What mathematical theorem states that the probability of a correct decision increases as the size of a group increases?
What mathematical theorem states that the probability of a correct decision increases as the size of a group increases?
What describes a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action?
What describes a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action?
What is a joint committee of the U.S. Congress called that is formed to resolve differences between House and Senate versions of a bill?
What is a joint committee of the U.S. Congress called that is formed to resolve differences between House and Senate versions of a bill?
What describes a government where different political parties control different branches of the government?
What describes a government where different political parties control different branches of the government?
In game theory, a strategy that always provides a player with the best possible outcome regardless of what their opponent chooses is called what?
In game theory, a strategy that always provides a player with the best possible outcome regardless of what their opponent chooses is called what?
What political science law states that in political systems with single-member districts and the plurality voting system, two main parties tend to emerge?
What political science law states that in political systems with single-member districts and the plurality voting system, two main parties tend to emerge?
What is the name of the group of presidential electors formed every four years during the U.S. presidential election for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president?
What is the name of the group of presidential electors formed every four years during the U.S. presidential election for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president?
What are the powers explicitly granted to the federal government of the United States by the Constitution called?
What are the powers explicitly granted to the federal government of the United States by the Constitution called?
What is a directive issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government called?
What is a directive issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government called?
What legislative tactic used in the U.S. Senate involves a Senator speaking for an extended period to delay or block a vote on a bill or nomination?
What legislative tactic used in the U.S. Senate involves a Senator speaking for an extended period to delay or block a vote on a bill or nomination?
What is the issue that occurs when people benefit from resources or services without paying for them, relying on others to bear the cost?
What is the issue that occurs when people benefit from resources or services without paying for them, relying on others to bear the cost?
What is the practice of drawing legislative district boundaries to favor one political party or group over another?
What is the practice of drawing legislative district boundaries to favor one political party or group over another?
What compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 established a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate giving equal representation to each state?
What compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 established a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate giving equal representation to each state?
What is the electoral advantage that current officeholders have over challengers called?
What is the electoral advantage that current officeholders have over challengers called?
What is the power of courts, particularly the Supreme Court, to review and potentially invalidate laws or executive actions that are deemed unconstitutional called?
What is the power of courts, particularly the Supreme Court, to review and potentially invalidate laws or executive actions that are deemed unconstitutional called?
What is public opinion that is not expressed or measured regularly but can emerge in response to a specific issue or event called?
What is public opinion that is not expressed or measured regularly but can emerge in response to a specific issue or event called?
What is the tendency for individuals to interpret information in a way that supports their existing beliefs or desires called?
What is the tendency for individuals to interpret information in a way that supports their existing beliefs or desires called?
What describes the trend where local or state issues become framed and treated as national issues?
What describes the trend where local or state issues become framed and treated as national issues?
What clause in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the authority to make all laws 'necessary and proper' for carrying out its enumerated powers?
What clause in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the authority to make all laws 'necessary and proper' for carrying out its enumerated powers?
What describes a statement that expresses a value judgment or opinion about how things should be, as opposed to how they are?
What describes a statement that expresses a value judgment or opinion about how things should be, as opposed to how they are?
What is a person's psychological attachment or affiliation with a particular political party called?
What is a person's psychological attachment or affiliation with a particular political party called?
What is voting behavior based on the perceived performance of incumbent politicians or political parties called?
What is voting behavior based on the perceived performance of incumbent politicians or political parties called?
What is an election held to determine a political party's candidate for a subsequent general election called?
What is an election held to determine a political party's candidate for a subsequent general election called?
What is a situation in game theory where two parties may not cooperate even if it is in their best interest to do so, due to mistrust or fear that the other party will betray them called?
What is a situation in game theory where two parties may not cooperate even if it is in their best interest to do so, due to mistrust or fear that the other party will betray them called?
What describes an electoral system where seats in a legislature are allocated based on the proportion of votes each party receives?
What describes an electoral system where seats in a legislature are allocated based on the proportion of votes each party receives?
What describes a statement that asserts a fact or reality about the world, often subject to evidence or verification?
What describes a statement that asserts a fact or reality about the world, often subject to evidence or verification?
What method of conducting telephone polls involves randomly dialing phone numbers to ensure a representative sample?
What method of conducting telephone polls involves randomly dialing phone numbers to ensure a representative sample?
What is the constitutional principle that divides the powers of government into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful called?
What is the constitutional principle that divides the powers of government into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful called?
Who is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives, elected by the members of the House?
Who is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives, elected by the members of the House?
What describes a cognitive bias that favors the current state of affairs and resists change?
What describes a cognitive bias that favors the current state of affairs and resists change?
What describes a majority that is larger than a simple majority, often required for certain decisions?
What describes a majority that is larger than a simple majority, often required for certain decisions?
What is the practice of voting for candidates from different political parties in the same election called?
What is the practice of voting for candidates from different political parties in the same election called?
What describes a situation in which the majority's interests or decisions override or suppress the rights or interests of minorities?
What describes a situation in which the majority's interests or decisions override or suppress the rights or interests of minorities?
What describes a procedural agreement in the U.S. Senate in which no member objects to a proposal or action?
What describes a procedural agreement in the U.S. Senate in which no member objects to a proposal or action?
What is the constitutional power of the president to reject a bill passed by Congress called?
What is the constitutional power of the president to reject a bill passed by Congress called?
Flashcards
Antifederalist
Antifederalist
A group opposing the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787.
Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States, created after the Revolution.
Bicameralism
Bicameralism
A legislature divided into two separate chambers.
Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights
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Checks and Balances
Checks and Balances
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Cloture
Cloture
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Collective Action
Collective Action
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Commerce Clause
Commerce Clause
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Electoral College
Electoral College
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Gerrymandering
Gerrymandering
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Judicial Review
Judicial Review
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Latent Opinion
Latent Opinion
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Motivated Reasoning
Motivated Reasoning
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Necessary and Proper Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
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Party Identification
Party Identification
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Primary Election
Primary Election
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Potential of a Correct Decision
Potential of a Correct Decision
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Separation of Powers
Separation of Powers
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Supermajority
Supermajority
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Veto
Veto
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Tyranny of the Majority
Tyranny of the Majority
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Dominant Strategy
Dominant Strategy
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Filibuster
Filibuster
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Incumbency Advantage
Incumbency Advantage
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Confederation
Confederation
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Status Quo Bias
Status Quo Bias
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Random Digit Dial Poll
Random Digit Dial Poll
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Performance Voting
Performance Voting
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Study Notes
Antifederalists
- Opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
- Believed the Constitution threatened individual rights and state independence.
Articles of Confederation
- First U.S. constitution.
- Established the country's national government post-Revolution.
Bicameralism
- Two-house legislature.
- Separate assemblies or chambers.
Bill of Rights
- First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Checks and Balances
- System where government powers overlap and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Cloture
- Parliamentary procedure to end debate and force a vote.
Collective Action
- Coordinated effort by a group to achieve a shared goal.
Correlation vs. Causation
- Two things changing together doesn't mean one causes the other.
Commerce Clause
- Constitutional provision granting Congress commerce power.
Condorcet's Jury Theorem
- Probability of a correct decision increases with group size.
Confederation
- Political union of sovereign states for common action.
Conference Committee
- Joint committee (U.S. Congress).
Divided Government
- Different political parties control different branches.
Dominant Strategy
- Strategy always best, regardless of the opponent's strategy.
Duverger's Law
- Two main parties tend to emerge in systems with single-member districts and plurality voting.
Electoral College
- Group of electors who formally elect the U.S. president and vice president.
Enumerated Powers
- Powers explicitly given to the federal government by the Constitution.
Executive Order
- Directive by the U.S. President, with the force of law, not needing Congressional approval.
Filibuster
- Legislative tactic in the U.S. Senate to delay or block votes. Ended by a cloture vote (usually 60 votes).
Free-Rider Problem
- People benefit from resources/services without paying for them.
Gerrymandering
- Drawing legislative district boundaries to favor a political party.
Great Compromise
- Constitutional Convention (1787) compromise creating a bicameral legislature.
Incumbency Advantage
- Electoral advantage of current officeholders due to name recognition, fundraising, and networks.
Judicial Review
- Power of courts to review and potentially invalidate laws or actions.
Latent Opinion
- Public opinion not regularly expressed but can emerge with specific issues/events.
Motivated Reasoning
- Interpreting information to support existing beliefs/desires, rather than objectively.
Nationalization of Politics
- Local/state issues becoming framed/treated as national issues.
Necessary and Proper Clause
- Constitutional clause granting Congress power to make "necessary and proper" laws.
Normative Claim
- Statement expressing a value judgment or opinion.
Party Identification
- Psychological attachment to a political party.
Performance Voting
- Judging politicians/parties based on perceived performance (economy, services, etc.).
Primary Election
- Choosing political party candidates for a general election (different types).
Prisoner's Dilemma
- Situation in game theory where parties may not cooperate even when it's best to do so.
Proportional Representation
- Electoral system allocating seats in proportion to votes.
Positive Claim
- Statement asserting a fact or reality in the world.
Random Digit Dial Poll
- Method for phone polling using random dialed numbers.
Separation of Powers
- Dividing government powers among three branches (executive, legislative, judicial).
Speaker of the House
- Presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Status Quo Bias
- Favoring existing conditions and resisting change, even when beneficial.
Supermajority
- Majority larger than a simple majority (e.g., two-thirds).
Ticket Splitting
- Voting for candidates from different political parties in the same election.
Tyranny of the Majority
- Majority's interests overwhelming or suppressing the minority's rights.
Unanimous Consent
- Procedural agreement in the Senate where no member objects.
Veto
- President's constitutional power to reject a bill.
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