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Questions and Answers
What was a significant outcome of the Mexican-American War?
What was a significant outcome of the Mexican-American War?
The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a slave state.
The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a slave state.
False
What led to a significant population increase in California during the mid-19th century?
What led to a significant population increase in California during the mid-19th century?
The Gold Rush
The practice of allowing people in territories to vote on the issue of slavery is known as _____.
The practice of allowing people in territories to vote on the issue of slavery is known as _____.
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Match the events to their effects:
Match the events to their effects:
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What are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution collectively known as?
What are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution collectively known as?
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George Washington was the first president of the United States and was elected by a majority vote.
George Washington was the first president of the United States and was elected by a majority vote.
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Name one of the two rights protected by the 1st Amendment.
Name one of the two rights protected by the 1st Amendment.
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The __________ of 1790 was an agreement between Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson regarding federal power and state debts.
The __________ of 1790 was an agreement between Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson regarding federal power and state debts.
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Match the following amendments with their rights:
Match the following amendments with their rights:
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What was a primary cause of Shays' Rebellion?
What was a primary cause of Shays' Rebellion?
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The U.S. Constitution was created during the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
The U.S. Constitution was created during the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
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Name the three branches of the U.S. Government.
Name the three branches of the U.S. Government.
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The New Jersey Plan called for ______ representation for each state.
The New Jersey Plan called for ______ representation for each state.
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Match each branch of the U.S. Government to its function:
Match each branch of the U.S. Government to its function:
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What major event concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent?
What major event concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent?
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The concept of sectionalism focused on loyalty to the nation as a whole.
The concept of sectionalism focused on loyalty to the nation as a whole.
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What did the Missouri Compromise achieve regarding Missouri and Maine?
What did the Missouri Compromise achieve regarding Missouri and Maine?
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The ______ was a major route for settlers moving west during the 19th century.
The ______ was a major route for settlers moving west during the 19th century.
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Match the following items with their descriptions:
Match the following items with their descriptions:
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What was the primary reason the Articles of Confederation were replaced by the U.S. Constitution?
What was the primary reason the Articles of Confederation were replaced by the U.S. Constitution?
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The Articles of Confederation provided a powerful central government that effectively managed national affairs.
The Articles of Confederation provided a powerful central government that effectively managed national affairs.
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What were the years of use for the Articles of Confederation?
What were the years of use for the Articles of Confederation?
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The states held more power than the federal government under the __________.
The states held more power than the federal government under the __________.
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Match the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
Match the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
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What was the first major battle of the American Civil War?
What was the first major battle of the American Civil War?
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The Union capital during the American Civil War was Richmond, VA.
The Union capital during the American Civil War was Richmond, VA.
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What change occurred regarding African Americans' participation in the Civil War with the Emancipation Proclamation?
What change occurred regarding African Americans' participation in the Civil War with the Emancipation Proclamation?
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The concept of _____ during the Civil War involved targeting all resources including civilian areas.
The concept of _____ during the Civil War involved targeting all resources including civilian areas.
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Match the following technologies with their significance during the Civil War:
Match the following technologies with their significance during the Civil War:
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What type of representation did the Virginia Plan advocate for?
What type of representation did the Virginia Plan advocate for?
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The Great Compromise created a single-house Congress.
The Great Compromise created a single-house Congress.
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What was the purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?
What was the purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?
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The __________ were supporters of a strong central government.
The __________ were supporters of a strong central government.
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Match the following groups with their beliefs:
Match the following groups with their beliefs:
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What type of government is characterized by people choosing their leaders?
What type of government is characterized by people choosing their leaders?
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Consent of the governed means the government can operate without any approval from the people.
Consent of the governed means the government can operate without any approval from the people.
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Why did Americans desire consent of the governed?
Why did Americans desire consent of the governed?
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In a ______, citizens elect their representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
In a ______, citizens elect their representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
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Match the following terms about government concepts:
Match the following terms about government concepts:
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What was the primary reason for the start of the War of 1812?
What was the primary reason for the start of the War of 1812?
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The Democratic-Republicans favored a strong central government.
The Democratic-Republicans favored a strong central government.
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Who was elected the second President of the United States?
Who was elected the second President of the United States?
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The __________ was a land deal that doubled the size of the United States in 1803.
The __________ was a land deal that doubled the size of the United States in 1803.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What was the primary motivation behind the violent clashes known as Bleeding Kansas?
What was the primary motivation behind the violent clashes known as Bleeding Kansas?
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John Brown successfully initiated a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry.
John Brown successfully initiated a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry.
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What ruling did the Supreme Court make in the Dred Scott case?
What ruling did the Supreme Court make in the Dred Scott case?
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The political party that opposed Andrew Jackson in the 1830s was called the _____ party.
The political party that opposed Andrew Jackson in the 1830s was called the _____ party.
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Match each historical figure with their associated event:
Match each historical figure with their associated event:
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Study Notes
Republic and Consent of the Governed
- A republic is a government where people choose their leaders.
- Consent of the governed means the government needs people's approval, which is why Americans wanted a voice in their own government.
Founding of the US Government
- The Virginia Plan advocated for representation in government based on population.
- The Great Compromise combined ideas from the New Jersey and Virginia Plans, creating a two-house Congress, known as the Senate and House of Representatives.
- The 3/5 Compromise counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation. Southern states demanded this to increase their power in government.
- Federalists supported a strong central government.
- Anti-Federalists favored states' rights and individual freedoms.
Key Events Leading to Conflict Over Slavery
- The Mexican-American War resulted in the US gaining land, including California and the Southwest, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
- California was admitted as a free state in the Compromise of 1850.
- The Compromise of 1850 also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law.
- The California Gold Rush caused a significant population increase, making California's status as a free or slave state a complex issue.
- Southern states seceded from the Union, starting the American Civil War.
- Popular Sovereignty allowed people in territories to vote on whether or not to allow slavery.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act opened these territories to popular sovereignty, leading to violence and conflict over the issue of slavery.
Bill of Rights
- The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
- It was demanded by the Anti-Federalists, who wanted to protect individual freedoms.
- The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
- The 2nd Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms.
US History
- George Washington was the first U.S. president, unanimously elected.
- Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison had disagreements, primarily focusing on federal power versus states' rights.
- The Compromise of 1790, negotiated by Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson, involved the federal government assuming state debts.
- Shays' Rebellion highlighted weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
- The Constitutional Convention of 1787 established the U.S. Constitution with delegates from 12 states.
- The three branches of the US Government are:
- Legislative: Makes laws.
- Executive: Enforces laws.
- Judicial: Interprets laws.
- The New Jersey Plan favored equal representation for each state.
Articles of Confederation
- The Articles of Confederation was the first U.S. constitution, used from 1781 to 1789.
- It was replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789.
- Under the Articles of Confederation, states had more power than the federal government.
- Strengths of the Articles:
- Winning the Revolutionary War.
- Managing Western Lands.
- Weaknesses of the Articles:
- Weak central government.
- No power to tax.
American Civil War
- The war was fought between the Union (Northern states) and the Confederacy (Southern states).
- The Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863, made the war about ending slavery and freed enslaved people in Confederate-held territories.
- African Americans initially faced prejudice and were denied basic rights.
- "Total War" impacted civilians and targeted all resources, leading to widespread hardship.
- New technologies, like ironclad ships, railroads, telegraphs, and rifled weaponry, were used in the war.
- Photography captured the war's harsh realities.
- The Union capital was Washington, D.C., and the Confederate capital was Richmond, VA.
- The Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle, resulting in a Confederate victory.
Historical Events & Concepts
- The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812.
- The Federalist Party declined after opposing the War of 1812.
- Sectionalism, or loyalty to region over nation, grew in the US.
- The steamboat, cotton gin, and telegraph were important technological advancements that impacted the nation.
- Manifest Destiny was the belief that the US was destined to expand westward.
- The Oregon Trail was a major route for westward migration, symbolizing Manifest Destiny.
- The painting "American Progress" visually represents westward expansion.
- The concept of Manifest Destiny led to tension over the expansion of slavery.
- The Missouri Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, aiming to maintain balance in Congress.
Political Events & People
- The first two political parties in the United States were the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
- John Adams became the second president of the United States.
- Abolition is the movement to end slavery.
- The Louisiana Purchase, a land deal by Thomas Jefferson, doubled the size of the United States.
- The War of 1812 started due to British interference with US trade, impressment of sailors, and support for Native American attacks.
- Bleeding Kansas involved violent clashes over slavery between pro-slavery Missourians called "Border Ruffians" and anti-slavery settlers.
- In the 1830s, the Democrat and Whig parties emerged. Whigs opposed Andrew Jackson's policies and favored Congress-led government.
- Dred Scott was an enslaved man who sued for freedom but was denied by the Supreme Court, as he was not recognized as a citizen. This decision intensified tensions.
- John Brown, an abolitionist, attempted to start a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry but failed.
- He was captured and later executed for treason.
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Description
Explore the foundations of the US government, including the principles of a republic and the concept of consent of the governed. Learn about key compromises and events, such as the Virginia Plan, the Great Compromise, and the conflicts surrounding slavery in relation to westward expansion.
