U.S. Government Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What do constituents refer to?

  • A legislative act finding a person guilty without a trial
  • Money set aside by a legislature for a specific purpose
  • The distribution of representatives among the states
  • The people a member of Congress represents (correct)
  • What does apportionment mean?

  • A tax levied on goods or services
  • A writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
  • Distribution of representatives among the states based on population (correct)
  • A formal accusation of misconduct in office
  • What is an appropriation?

    Money set aside for a specific purpose.

    What is impeachment?

    <p>A formal accusation of misconduct in office against a public official.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oversight in the context of Congress?

    <p>Congressional review of the activities of an agency, department, or office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the necessary and proper clause?

    <p>A part of the Constitution that allows Congress to use implied powers reasonably related to expressed powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indirect tax?

    <p>A tax levied on goods or services rather than on persons or organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct tax?

    <p>A tax paid directly by the person or organization on whom it is levied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deficit in government finance?

    <p>An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commerce clause?

    <p>The clause that gives Congress the power to regulate business activities that cross state lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a subpoena?

    <p>A writ issued to compel the attendance of a witness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a writ of habeas corpus do?

    <p>It orders a prisoner to be brought before a judge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bill of attainder?

    <p>A legislative act finding a person guilty without a trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ex post facto law?

    <p>A law that makes an act criminal even though it was legal when committed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reapportionment mean?

    <p>The process of reassigning representation based on population after a census.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gerrymandering?

    <p>The drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party or group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Speaker of the House?

    <p>The leader of the majority party and presiding officer of the House of Representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bills?

    <p>Proposed laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a floor leader?

    <p>The legislator who organizes his party's strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do whips do in Congress?

    <p>They work with the majority or minority leader to count votes and persuade members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a party caucus?

    <p>A meeting of party members in a legislative chamber to select leaders and develop policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a standing committee?

    <p>A permanent committee established in a legislature focusing on a policy area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a select committee?

    <p>A temporary legislative committee established for a special purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a joint committee?

    <p>A committee of the House and the Senate that acts as a study group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the President of the Senate?

    <p>The presiding officer of a senate, typically the Vice President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the president pro tempore?

    <p>Officer of the Senate selected to act as chair in the absence of the vice president.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the senate majority leader?

    <p>The chief spokesperson of the majority party in the Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the seniority rule?

    <p>Most important posts will be held by the most experienced members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a filibuster?

    <p>A tactic for delaying legislation by making long speeches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cloture?

    <p>A procedure used in the Senate to limit debate on a bill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rider in legislative terms?

    <p>A completely unrelated amendment attached to a bill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a joint resolution?

    <p>A resolution passed by both houses of Congress which becomes legally binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concurrent resolution?

    <p>An expression of opinion that requires approval of both the House and Senate, but not the President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a discharge petition?

    <p>A petition to bring a bill to the floor for consideration if signed by the majority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a committee of the Whole?

    <p>An old parliamentary device for speeding business on the floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a quorum?

    <p>The number of members necessary to conduct business in a legislature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a roll call vote?

    <p>A voting procedure where members answer 'yea' or 'nay' to their names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conference committee?

    <p>A temporary joint committee set up to reconcile differences between House and Senate bills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pocket veto?

    <p>When a president kills a bill by refusing to act on it during the last 10 days Congress is in session.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a veto?

    <p>A formal rejection of a bill by the President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms and Definitions

    • Constituents: Individuals represented by a member of Congress, crucial for democratic representation.
    • Apportionment: Distribution of congressional representatives based on state population, essential for equitable representation.
    • Appropriation: Specific funds allocated by the legislature for designated purposes, important for budget management.
    • Impeachment: Formal process of accusing public officials of misconduct, significant for maintaining checks and balances in government.
    • Oversight: Congressional review of agency activities, essential for accountability and transparency in government operations.

    Constitutional Provisions

    • Necessary and Proper Clause: Grants Congress implied powers related to its expressed powers, allowing flexibility in legislation.
    • Commerce Clause: Empowers Congress to regulate interstate business activities, foundational for economic governance.

    Taxation Types

    • Indirect Tax: Tax assessed on goods or services, influencing consumer behavior indirectly.
    • Direct Tax: Tax levied directly on individuals or organizations, impacting personal financial assessments.

    Fiscal Concepts

    • Deficit: Occurs when federal spending exceeds revenues, indicating potential financial instability.
    • Reapportionment: Renegotiation of representation after each census, vital for reflecting demographic changes in Congress.

    Legislative Processes

    • Gerrymandering: Manipulation of district boundaries for political gain, often undermining fair representation.
    • Bill of Attainder: Legislative act declaring an individual guilty without trial, prohibited as a violation of due process.
    • Ex Post Facto Law: Law criminalizing actions retroactively, which is unconstitutional due to fairness principles.

    Legislative Leadership

    • Speaker of the House: Presiding officer of the House of Representatives and leader of the majority party, playing a crucial role in legislative agenda.
    • Floor Leader: Party strategist responsible for legislative organization and coalition building.
    • Whips: Party leaders who ensure party discipline and manage vote counts on key legislation.

    Committees and Resolutions

    • Standing Committee: Permanent committee focusing on specific policy areas, integral for detailed legislative scrutiny.
    • Select Committee: Temporary committee for specific purposes, addressing unique issues in-depth.
    • Joint Committee: Comprises members from both houses to streamline investigation and reporting processes.

    Voting and Debate Procedures

    • Filibuster: Tactical delay method, allowing prolonged debate to obstruct legislation, reflecting the importance of minority rights.
    • Cloture: Procedure to end filibuster and limit debate, facilitating legislative progress.
    • Roll Call Vote: Method of voting where members declare their votes openly, enhancing accountability.

    Additional Legislative Tools

    • Rider: An unrelated amendment to secure a bill's passage, often controversial in legislative debates.
    • Discharge Petition: Tool enabling a majority of the House to bring a stalled bill to the floor, enhancing legislative efficiency.
    • Quorum: Minimum number of members required for legislative business, ensuring representation.

    Final Legislative Actions

    • Pocket Veto: President's option to ignore a bill, effectively killing it if Congress adjourns.
    • Veto: Formal rejection of legislation by the president, which can be overturned by a two-thirds majority in Congress, showcasing executive power limits.

    Resolution Types

    • Joint Resolution: A resolution with binding effect once signed by the president, often used for significant legislative decisions.
    • Concurrent Resolution: Expresses opinions of both houses without legal force, reflecting consensus on specific issues.

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    Test your knowledge of U.S. Government terminology with these flashcards from Chapter 5. Each card presents a key term along with its definition, helping you grasp essential concepts like constituents, apportionment, and appropriation. Ideal for students preparing for exams in government studies.

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