US Government and Citizenship Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary source?

A first hand account

What is a secondary source?

Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event

What is an artifact?

A man-made object from the past

What is citizenship?

The relationship between an individual and a state Signup and view all the answers

What does citizenship entail?

Citizen owes loyalty to the state but is entitled to certain rights and protections from the state Signup and view all the answers

How many amendments does the Constitution have?

27 Signup and view all the answers

What is the bill of rights?

First 10 amendments to the Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the constitution?

Preamble, 7 articles, 27 amendments Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic system does the U.S. have?

Capitalism and free market Signup and view all the answers

What does someone have to do to become a US citizen?

Satisfy legal requirements, learn English, learn US government, learn US history, pass interview and test Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic parts of the US government?

Three branches, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, election cycles Signup and view all the answers

Where did democracy start?

Ancient Greece Signup and view all the answers

What is a polis?

The political and social organizational structure created by the ancient greeks (a city state) Signup and view all the answers

What words came from Polis?

Policy, politics Signup and view all the answers

What was a polis like?

Isolated, strong community, political and economic independence Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 types of government?

Monarchy, Tyranny, Oligarchy, Democracy Signup and view all the answers

What is a monarchy?

King or queen makes all the laws and acts as a judge, rulers inherit power Signup and view all the answers

What did the Ancient Greek monarchy look like?

Only kings Signup and view all the answers

What is tyranny?

Ruling power in the hands of one person, ruler doesn't have a legal right to rule Signup and view all the answers

What did Ancient Greek tyranny look like?

Many Greek tyrants were military leaders who gained support through promises Signup and view all the answers

What did Ancient Greek oligarchy's look like?

Most were wealthy aristocrats Signup and view all the answers

What is democracy?

All citizens share ruling power Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of democracy?

Direct and representative Signup and view all the answers

What kind of democracy did Ancient Greece have?

direct democracy Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct democracy?

When citizens rule directly and not through representatives Signup and view all the answers

What is a representative democracy?

Citizens elect others to represent them in government Signup and view all the answers

What was the acropolis and where was it?

The town center in Athens Signup and view all the answers

What was the agora in Athens?

A central area for the government of Athens in the acropolis Signup and view all the answers

Who could be a citizen in Athens?

Free, native born adult males if his parents were free born Athenians Signup and view all the answers

How were laws made in Athens?

The assembly, which was made up of randomly selected citizens, met and voted on issues Signup and view all the answers

How does Pericles describe Athenian democracy?

an example to others because a lot of power belongs to the people and the people are obedient Signup and view all the answers

What kind of citizen does Pericles believe democracy produces?

One that is versatile and graceful Signup and view all the answers

What changes did Solon's reform make to Athenian democracy?

Citizens couldn't be sold into slavery for debt, the role of the ecclesia was expanded, the boule was created, citizens could challenge the archon's (judge) decision to a jury of Athenian citizens, and opened the position of archon up to more classes than just the aristocrats (besides the lower class) Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boule?

Council of 400 male citizens that planned what the ecclesia would discuss and ran the daily affairs of the city Signup and view all the answers

What was another name for the ecclesia?

The assembly Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Greeks create ostracism?

To prevent tyranny Signup and view all the answers

Who was a citizen in Rome?

Free, native born adult males and females if their parents were married in certain areas of Rome, children if their parents were citizens, and sons of freed slaves Signup and view all the answers

How did citizens participate in democracy in Rome?

It was a representative democracy, so they elected representatives Signup and view all the answers

What protections against autocracy or tyranny did Rome introduce?

Two consuls ruled and could veto each other's decisions, a consul could only rule for 2 one year terms, and the senate had to approve their decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is a representative democracy also known as

republic Signup and view all the answers

What was a Roman tribune?

A position that only plebians could hold, they could veto laws from the senate Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman senate?

The legislative body of Ancient Rome consisting of patricians who served for life Signup and view all the answers

What are patricians?

wealthy landowners Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman constitution?

12 tables Signup and view all the answers

What does demos mean?

People Signup and view all the answers

What does democracy literally mean?

Government by the authority of the people Signup and view all the answers

What was the mytilenean revolt?

The city of mytilene revolted against Athens' rule Signup and view all the answers

How did athens decide to retaliate?

To execute every mytilenean man and sell every mytilenean woman and child into slavery Signup and view all the answers

What happened after Athens decided their retaliation to the mytilenean revolt?

They reconsidered and decided to just execute the leaders of the revolt, and the ship they sent to carry the news arrived before the original punishment was carried out but after it was announced Signup and view all the answers

How is the mytilenean revolt an example of the dangers of democracy?

Sometimes decisions are based on emotion and not logic Signup and view all the answers

What are some differences between US and Athenian democracy?

US has an elected officials, Athens has randomly picked officials, Athenian citizens have to be over 18, free, male, and have free Athenian parents, US citizens have to be born in the US or complete the citizenship process, Athens was a direct democracy, the US is a representative democracy Signup and view all the answers

What is the ring of gyges story?

A shepherd names gyges gets a ring that makes him invisible, so using the ring, he seduces a queen, kills the king, and takes over the kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What is the moral of the ring of gyges?

People only practice justice because they're scared of being punished Signup and view all the answers

According to Plato what are the three parts of the soul?

reason, spirit, appetite Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the soul correlate with what parts of the state?

Rulers-reason, spirit-warriors, appetite-citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of Greek philosophers?

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Signup and view all the answers

What was Socrates' dialectical method?

Asking questions about everything as if he knew nothing to expose flaws in arguments Signup and view all the answers

What was Socrates' goal?

To find definitions of abstract qualities such as justice and virtue Signup and view all the answers

Who created the original settlements of Rome?

Latins Signup and view all the answers

Who established colonies along southern Sicily and Italy and when?

Greeks, 750-600 BC Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Etruscans?

Roman natives that were skilled metalworkers and engineers, they influenced Rome's development Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 parts that make up a republic?

Citizens are in power and are entitled to vote, the power is exercised by elected officials and representatives, representatives are responsible to the citizens, and they govern according to the law Signup and view all the answers

What was romes first written law code?

12 tables Signup and view all the answers

What was the executive system for Rome?

2 consuls, 1 year terms, executives of the army and government Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman legislative system?

Senate, centuriate assembly, tribal assembly Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman centuriate assembly?

All citizen-soldiers, life long term, selects consuls and praetors, makes laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman tribal assembly?

Citizens grouped based on location, life long term, elects tribunes, makes laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roman judicial system?

Praetors, 8 judges chosen for 1 year, two oversee criminal and civil courts, the rest govern provinces Signup and view all the answers

What were the Punic Wars?

Series of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage Signup and view all the answers

What was a Roman dictator?

an official who had ultimate power for 6 months elected in times of crisis, chosen by consuls, elected by senate Signup and view all the answers

What is a Roman Legion?

military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry Signup and view all the answers

What did a Roman soldier receive after retirement?

A plot of land Signup and view all the answers

Who was in the first triumvirate?

Caesar, Pompey, Crassus Signup and view all the answers

What was Caesar's progression of power?

Consul, governor of Gaul, dictator, dictator for life Signup and view all the answers

What laws did Caesar pass to gain popularity?

He granted citizenship to many people in the provinces, expanded the senate, increased pay for soldiers, and created jobs Signup and view all the answers

What was a major event of the Punic wars?

Hannibal, Carthage's military leader, led his army around Italy as a sneak attack, which worked. Signup and view all the answers

How did Rome retaliate against Hannibal's attack in the Punic wars?

They burned Carthage and sold the population into slavery Signup and view all the answers

Where is Gaul today?

France Signup and view all the answers

How did Caesar die?

stabbed to death in the senate Signup and view all the answers

Who was in the second Roman triumvirate?

Marc Antony, Lepidus, Octavian (Caesar Augustus, Caesars nephew) Signup and view all the answers

Who did Marc Antony marry?

Cleopatra Signup and view all the answers

What is Pax Romana?

Roman peace Signup and view all the answers

When was the Pax Romana?

27 BC - 180 AD Signup and view all the answers

What was the main idea of Pericles' funeral speech?

Athenian democracy is the best form of government because most participate and follow the rules out of mutual respect Signup and view all the answers

What is ecclesia?

A gathering of Athenian citizens where they discussed and voted on issues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Primary and Secondary Sources

A primary source is a firsthand account.
A secondary source is information collected by someone who did not witness the event.

Artifacts and Citizenship

An artifact is a man-made object from the past.
Citizenship is the relationship between an individual and a state.
Citizenship involves loyalty to the state and rights/protections from the state.

US Constitution

The US Constitution has 27 amendments.
The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments.
The Constitution consists of a Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments.

US Economic System and Citizenship

The US has a capitalist, free-market economic system.
To become a US citizen involves completing legal requirements, learning English and US civics/history, passing an interview and test.

US Government Structure

The US government has three branches with separation of powers and checks and balances.
The US government has federalism and election cycles.

Ancient Greek Democracy

Democracy originated in ancient Greece.
A polis was the political and social structure, a city-state.
"Policy" and "politics" derive from "polis".
A polis was an isolated, independent community with strong political/economic independence.
Four types of government are monarchy, tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy.

Monarchy, Tyranny, and Oligarchy

A monarchy has a king or queen who rules and inherits power. Ancient Greek monarchies were kings only.
A tyranny has one ruler who does not have a legal right to rule. Tyrants in ancient Greece often gained power through military leadership and promises.
An oligarchy was a group of people who rule. Oligarchies in ancient Greece were usually wealthy aristocrats.

Athenian Democracy

Ancient Athens practiced direct democracy – citizens ruled directly.
Athens had a direct democracy where citizens ruled directly, not through representatives.
The Acropolis was the center of Athens, the agora was the government area.
Citizens in Athens were free, native-born adult males whose parents were also Athenian citizens.
Laws were made by the Assembly, made up of randomly selected citizens.
Pericles described Athenian democracy as an exemplary form of government where power belongs to the people and people are obedient (civic-mindedness).
Pericles believed democracy produces versatile and graceful citizens.
Solon's reforms included allowing citizens to challenge archon's decisions, expanding participation in the Ecclesia/Boule, and opening up the archon position to more social classes.
The Boule was a council of 400 citizens who planned Ecclesia discussions and managed daily city affairs.
Ostracism was used to prevent tyranny.

Roman Republic and Democracy

Roman citizens were mostly free, native-born adult males or females if their parents were married in certain regions, and children from citizen parents. Sons of freed slaves were Romans too.
Rome practiced representative democracy, which is also known as a republic.
Rome introduced protections against autocracy/tyranny like two consuls who could veto each other, only one-year terms for consuls, and senate approval for consul decisions.
The Roman tribunes, only plebians could hold this positon, could veto laws from the senate.
The Roman Senate was a legislative body made up of lifelong patricians (wealthy landowners).
The Roman assemblies included the centuriate assembly (citizens-soldiers, for consul & praetor selection) and the tribal assembly (citizens grouped by location, elected tribunes).
The Roman judicial system included praetors (judges chosen to oversee criminal and civil courts for one year).
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage.
A Roman dictator held absolute power for six months during a crisis, chosen by consuls and confirmed by the senate.
A Roman legion was a military unit of 5,000 infantry, supported by cavalry.
Roman soldiers received land upon retirement.

Roman Leaders and Wars

The First Triumvirate included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
Caesar's path to power was consul, governor of Gaul, dictator, and dictator for life.
Caesar gained popularity by granting citizenship in provinces, enlarging the Senate, raising soldier salaries, and providing jobs.
A major event during the Punic Wars was Hannibal's surprise maneuver through Italy.
Rome responded to Hannibal's attack by burning Carthage and enslaving its population.
Gaul is modern-day France.
Caesar was assassinated in the Senate.
The Second Triumvirate included Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (Caesar Augustus).
Marc Antony married Cleopatra.

Roman and Greek Comparisons

Pax Romana was Roman peace, spanning from 27 BC to 180 AD.
Pericles' funeral oration focused on Athenian democracy as an example for others.
The Ecclesia was an assembly of Athenian citizens.
Archons were a group of 9 rulers (from rich families) who governed Athens for a year.
Draco's laws (first Athenian code) were harsh and unfair to the poor.
Plato criticized democracy for excessive freedom potentially leading to poor decisions.

Philosophers

The order of the Greek philosophers is Socrates, Plato, Aristotle.
Socrates' dialectical method involved exposing flaws by questioning everything.
Socrates' goal was to define abstract concepts like justice and virtue.
Plato's ideal form of government was a group of intelligent leaders (an oligarchy).
Plato's criticisms of government included: democracy (too much freedom, confusing what people want/need), oligarchy (too much wealth in few hands), and tyranny (not enough freedom).
Madison criticized direct democracies for promoting factionalism.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key aspects of the US government, citizenship, and the Constitution. This quiz covers primary and secondary sources, the structure of the US government, and the economic system in relation to citizenship. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of the foundational elements that define American governance.