U.S. Economic Policies Post WWI
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Questions and Answers

What major tariff did the United States implement in 1922 that affected international debts?

  • Fordney-McCumber Tariff (correct)
  • Revenue Act Tariff
  • Smoot-Hawley Tariff
  • Dawes Tariff

What was one consequence of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff for Britain and France?

  • They relied more on reparations from Germany. (correct)
  • They raised taxes on their own imports.
  • They successfully paid off their debts to the U.S.
  • They increased military spending.

How much money did American investors loan to Germany under the Dawes Plan?

  • $2.5 billion (correct)
  • $5 billion
  • $1 billion
  • $10 billion

Which country's troops marched into Germany when reparations went unpaid?

<p>France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key sentiment held by Britain and France regarding the U.S. after World War I?

<p>The U.S. was a miser in sharing costs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industry benefited most from the Fordney-McCumber Tariff's protectionist measures?

<p>Chemical and metals industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main criticisms of the financial arrangements made by the U.S. after World War I?

<p>They were seen as a way for the U.S. to profit from European debts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Harding's general approach to domestic policies?

<p>Fostering a limited government role in business affairs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary initial purpose of the airplane industry in the U.S.?

<p>Act as a mail-carrying service for the U.S. Post Office (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advances contributed to the success of airplanes as a peacetime means of transportation?

<p>Introduction of weather forecasting and navigational instruments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant airline was founded in 1927 and is noted for its transatlantic passenger flights?

<p>Pan American Airways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did the average annual income increase during the 1920s?

<p>More than 35 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did consumerism play in the 1920s American economy?

<p>It played a significant role in shaping American culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airplane model produced by the Lockheed Company in 1927 became popular in the late 1920s?

<p>Vega (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individuals played a key role in promoting the development of commercial airlines?

<p>Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's wealth did Americans own in the 1920s?

<p>40 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary benefit did new appliances provide to housewives?

<p>More time for leisure activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did advertising agencies adapt their strategies during this period?

<p>They employed psychologists to analyze consumer behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the slogan 'Say it with flowers'?

<p>It doubled florists' business (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tactic was used in the advertisement 'Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet'?

<p>Promoting cigarettes as a weight-loss tool (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Listerine advertising aiming to create fear around?

<p>The consequences of bad breath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did advertising change the perception of luxury items?

<p>They started being viewed as necessities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the power of advertising have across American life?

<p>It connected various social organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of advertising agencies as they began hiring psychologists?

<p>They wanted to understand consumer desires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of more efficient farming techniques in the early 1920s?

<p>It resulted in American products being marketed worldwide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the recovery of European agriculture after World War I?

<p>Overproduction and heightened competition for U.S. farmers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main threats perceived by Americans during the Red Scare?

<p>The spread of communism and dictatorship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did A. Mitchell Palmer take in response to the fear of communism?

<p>He led raids to arrest suspected communists and socialists. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the bombings mailed to government and business leaders during the Red Scare?

<p>It caused widespread panic and fear among the public. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a significant role in the Palmer Raids alongside A. Mitchell Palmer?

<p>J. Edgar Hoover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Bolsheviks establish after overthrowing the czarist regime in Russia?

<p>A communist state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was NOT specifically targeted during the Palmer Raids?

<p>Capitalists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main action did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) pledge during the war?

<p>To avoid strikes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately represents employer attitudes towards unions after the war?

<p>Employers rejected unionization while labeling strikers as Communists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major contributing factor to the Boston Police Strike?

<p>The denial of their right to unionize (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge take during the Boston Police Strike?

<p>He called the National Guard to maintain order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the public perception of Coolidge's actions during the Boston Police Strike?

<p>He was praised for preserving public safety. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the Boston Police Strike for the striking policemen?

<p>They were not allowed to return, and new policemen were hired. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the significant increase in strikes occur after the war?

<p>1919 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did media coverage portray labor strikes during this period?

<p>As organized plots to establish Communism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the leaders of the Russian Revolution?

<p>To establish a communist government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Prohibition refer to in the context of 1920s America?

<p>The ban on alcohol production, sale, and transportation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a secret bar that operated during Prohibition?

<p>Speakeasy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Billy Sunday play in the temperance movement of the 1920s?

<p>He preached against alcohol and its societal evils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of the Scopes trial?

<p>It highlighted the conflict between science and religion in education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the significance of the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

<p>It illustrated widespread fears and prejudice against immigrants and anarchists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Eighteenth Amendment impact American society in the 1920s?

<p>It contributed to the rise of organized crime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary belief held by management during the conflicts with union members?

<p>Labor unions were unnecessary and disruptive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reparations

Monetary payments imposed on a defeated nation after a war as compensation for damages and losses, often used to rebuild infrastructure, compensate victims, and address economic consequences.

High Tariffs

High taxes imposed on imported goods, designed to protect domestic businesses from foreign competition.

Defaulting on a Payment

The situation where a country fails to make scheduled payments on its loans or debts.

Dawes Plan

A plan negotiated by American banker Charles G. Dawes in 1924 to help Germany pay reparations to France and Britain by providing loans to Germany.

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Roaring Twenties

The period in American history from 1920 to 1929 known for economic prosperity, cultural change, and widespread consumerism.

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Limited Government Role in Business Affairs

A political and economic policy that favors limited government intervention in business affairs, particularly in social reform.

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Harding's Domestic Policies

President Harding's focus on reducing the government's involvement in the economy and social issues.

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Domestic Issues

Issues or problems that arise within a country's borders, often related to economics, social welfare, and domestic policies.

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The Roaring Twenties

The period of rapid economic growth and social change in the United States during the 1920s.

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Mail-carrying Airplane

An aircraft designed to carry mail for the U.S. postal service, marking the beginning of the commercial airline industry.

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Radio and Navigation in Airplanes

Use of radio and navigational instruments on planes, which improved safety and efficiency in aviation.

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Transatlantic Flights by Lindbergh and Earhart

Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart's transatlantic flights in the 1920s, which helped to promote the development of cargo and commercial airlines.

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Consumerism

The increase in production and consumption of goods and services, driven by growing incomes and available credit.

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American Dream

The belief that anyone can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and opportunity.

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Rising Income

The significant rise in the average income of Americans during the 1920s, fueled by economic growth.

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America Owning 40% of World's Wealth

The idea that the United States held a significant portion of global wealth during the 1920s, contributing to its prosperity.

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Modern Advertising

The use of psychological techniques and persuasive messaging to promote products and services to consumers.

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Slogan

A catchy phrase or slogan used in advertising to capture attention and promote a product or service.

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Creating Needs

The use of advertising to create a sense of need or desire for a product or service that may not be essential.

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Appealing to Desires

A strategy in advertising that taps into people's desire for youthfulness, beauty, health, and wealth to sell products.

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Branding

Branding refers to the creation of a unique name, logo, and image for a product or service to make it recognizable and memorable to consumers.

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Say it with Flowers

A term used in advertising to emphasize the importance of social connections and social status.

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Fear-Based Advertising

A type of advertising that aims to create fear or anxiety by suggesting negative consequences if a product or service is not used.

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Social Status Advertising

Advertising campaigns that use social connections and status as a means of persuasion.

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Postwar Labor Strikes

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) pledged to avoid strikes during World War I, but in 1919 the number of strikes increased drastically.

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Employer Resistance

After the war, employers were reluctant to give raises or allow workers to join unions.

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Red Scare Tactics

Employers and newspapers often labeled striking workers as Communists to discredit their demands.

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Boston Police Strike

The Boston police strike was one of the most widely publicized strikes, as the police were denied a raise and the right to unionize.

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Public Safety Threat

The Boston police strike was seen as a threat to public safety and order.

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Coolidge's Response

Governor Calvin Coolidge's response to the Boston police strike was seen as a defense against communism and anarchy.

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Women in Strikes

Strikers included working women tailors who fought for improved working conditions.

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Strike Aftermath

The Boston police strike ended with the replacement of striking officers with new hires.

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Prohibition (18th Amendment)

The 18th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1919, prohibiting the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States.

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Speakeasies

Secret bars or nightclubs that illegally sold alcohol during Prohibition.

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Bootleggers

People who illegally made and sold alcohol during Prohibition.

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Fundamentalism

A religious movement emphasizing a literal interpretation of the Bible and opposing modern views of science and culture.

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Clarence Darrow

A famous American lawyer known for defending John Scopes in the Scopes Trial and for his progressive views on social issues.

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Scopes Trial

A highly publicized trial in 1925 that pitted modern scientific views against traditional religious values. It involved a teacher, John Scopes, who was charged with violating Tennessee's law banning the teaching of evolution in schools.

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Communism

A political and economic system where a single-party government, led by a dictator, controls all aspects of society. It aims to equalize wealth and power by eliminating private property and nationalizing businesses.

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The Red Scare

A period of intense fear and suspicion of communist influence in the United States, fueled by a wave of bombings and the rise of the Communist Party.

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Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary socialists who believed in a violent overthrow of the capitalist system and establishment of a communist state.

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Palmer Raids

A series of raids conducted by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and his agents to arrest and deport suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists.

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Post-War Agricultural Crisis

The period following World War I when American farmers faced a severe economic downturn due to overproduction and competition from other countries.

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

A labor organization known for its radical and militant approach to labor rights, becoming a target of suspicion during the Red Scare.

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Anarchist

A person who opposes any form of government and believes in a society without organized authority or political institutions.

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Study Notes

Module 8: The Roaring Twenties

  • Essential Question: Why did political, economic, and social tensions characterize the 1920s?
  • Photograph: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, an early blues singer, made over 100 recordings, including some with Louis Armstrong. She's considered "The Mother of the Blues."
  • What Will Be Learned: The module explores the challenges and cultural changes following World War I in the 1920s, including postwar issues, changing lifestyles, the twenties woman, education, and popular culture, and the Harlem Renaissance.
  • Lesson 1: The Business of America: A business boom followed the war, spurred by a rise in the standard of living, despite government scandals.
  • Lesson 2: Postwar Issues: The desire for normalcy and fear of communism/foreigners fueled postwar isolationism; there was significant labor unrest.
  • Lesson 3: Changing Ways of Life: Cultural conflicts were evident as traditions and values changed, particularly regarding Prohibition and evolving gender roles.
  • Lesson 4: The Twenties Woman: Women pursued diverse lifestyles and jobs, leading to a changing family dynamic.
  • Lesson 5: Education and Popular Culture: Mass media (movies, radio) played a crucial role in shaping culture, which was sometimes criticized by artists/writers.
  • Lesson 6: The Harlem Renaissance: African American culture flourished in Harlem (New York), encompassing art, literature, music, and increased political activism.

Timeline of Events (1919-1929)

  • United States Events: Warren G. Harding elected President, Sacco and Vanzetti convicted, Time magazine begins publication, Calvin Coolidge elected President, the Scopes trial, Charles Lindbergh solo transatlantic flight, Herbert Hoover elected President.
  • World Events: Chinese Communist Party founded, Benito Mussolini appointed Italian Prime Minister, King Tut's tomb discovered, Mustafa Kemal became Turkey's first president, Vladimir Lenin died, British laborers declare a general strike, Hirohito became Emperor of Japan, President Álvaro Obregón of Mexico is assassinated, Joseph Stalin launches first Five-Year Plan in the USSR.

Lesson 1: The Business of America (Detailed)

  • The Big Idea: Despite government scandals, a business boom followed the war, boosting American living standards.
  • Key Terms/People: Warren G. Harding, Charles Evans Hughes, Fordney-McCumber Tariff, Ohio gang, Teapot Dome scandal, Albert B. Fall, Calvin Coolidge.
  • One American's Story: Charles E. Sorensen worked for Henry Ford, instrumental in developing the Model T.
  • Model T: The Model T and its successors had a significant impact on American society and the economy.

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The Roaring Twenties PDF - Module 8

Description

Test your knowledge on significant U.S. economic policies implemented after World War I, including tariffs and financial arrangements. This quiz covers the Fordney-McCumber Tariff, the Dawes Plan, and the repercussions of these policies on international relations and industries during the 1920s.

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