U.S. Economic Challenges Post-Revolutionary War

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Questions and Answers

What economic problem did the newly formed United States face after the Revolutionary War?

  • Foreign nations refused to trade with the U.S.
  • States were heavily indebted to Britain.
  • States struggled to establish a national currency.
  • Congress could not effectively raise revenue. (correct)

The Federalist Papers were published to:

  • establish a system of checks and balances within the new government.
  • criticize the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
  • define the role of the judiciary branch in the new federal government.
  • argue for the ratification of the United States Constitution. (correct)

Which statement best reflects the concerns of Anti-Federalists regarding the proposed U.S. Constitution?

  • They wanted a single, powerful executive branch to lead the nation.
  • They feared a strong central government would infringe on states' rights. (correct)
  • They opposed any form of representation in the national legislature.
  • They believed the Constitution did not adequately protect individual liberties. (correct)

What role did the 'highway money' play in the early U.S. government?

<p>It was a bribe to convince states to adopt the Constitution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the United States' federal system of government?

<p>Ensuring that all citizens have equal rights and protections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main ideas of the New Deal categorized under?

<p>Reform, Relief, Regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

<p>Employed over 3 million people at its peak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act aimed to restore trust in banks by supervising their reopening?

<p>The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major aspect of the financial reforms initiated under the New Deal?

<p>Establishing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Roosevelt's New Deal expand the power of the federal government?

<p>Through the establishment of new welfare programs and agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Herbert Hoover play in the Better Homes in America campaign?

<p>He reorganized it as a political agenda. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was emphasized as part of the construction standards in the Better Homes in America campaign?

<p>Zoning to protect property values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Calvin Coolidge's perspective on the importance of the American home?

<p>It reflected the ideals of American civilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the features included in the Better Homes in America campaign?

<p>Demonstration homes showcasing modern functionality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did most people not afford homes as promoted by the Better Homes in America Guidebook 1926?

<p>The economic impact of the Stock Market Crash. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideological focus of the Religious Right during its mobilization in response to 1960s-1970s culture shocks?

<p>Homosexuality, abortion, pornography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the government as envisioned by the framers?

<p>To protect and preserve property rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of megachurches according to the content?

<p>They often have multisite locations and extensive budgets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compromise focused on representation in Congress?

<p>Connecticut Compromise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic was mentioned as significantly contributing to the American religious landscape?

<p>Evangelical Protestants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the stance on enslaved individuals regarding equality as discussed?

<p>They were considered inferior and excluded from rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do large megachurches impact smaller churches?

<p>They typically lead to the closure of smaller congregations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Religionized' in the context of shopping for God suggest?

<p>Brand loyalty becoming a moral issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups was excluded from voting according to the discussions?

<p>Women and enslaved individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the three-fifths compromise used for?

<p>To count enslaved individuals for representation and taxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In American studies, how is ‘culture’ generally understood?

<p>As a form of societal control and discipline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes the concept of ‘family values’ as associated with the Religious Right?

<p>Emphasis on traditional family structures and roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a significant role in writing speeches for political influence during this period?

<p>Women related to prominent men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of U.S. megachurches is emphasized regarding their financial structure?

<p>Their budgeting is mostly dependent on member contributions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern led to the decision to leave voting rules to individual states?

<p>Concerns about mob rule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Congress agree to limit the importing of enslaved people?

<p>1808 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal age of consent in most states?

<p>16 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered equivalent to a high school diploma in the United States?

<p>GED (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the federal minimum wage as of the last update?

<p>$7.25 per hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average annual interest paid by student loan borrowers?

<p>$2,186 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years of language arts and mathematics are required for graduation?

<p>4 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of entry-level employment requires only a diploma?

<p>38% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations usually does NOT require a degree?

<p>Transportation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cost for books and supplies per year in college?

<p>$628 to $1,471 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of medical leave that is unpaid for serious issues?

<p>17 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one requirement for full-time employment regarding health insurance?

<p>Employer must provide it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Purpose of Government

To protect and preserve property and individual wealth.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all humans, including life, liberty, and property, not dependent on government.

Connecticut Compromise

Agreement creating a bicameral Congress with the Senate and House representation.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement counting enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

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Voting Limitations

Voting rights left to state control; excluded many groups like women and enslaved people.

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Republican Government

A system influenced by the Roman Republic, balancing power against power.

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Equality in Rights

The concept that rights such as life and liberty should be equal for all individuals.

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State Representation

The method by which states are represented in Congress, including the bicameral system.

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Tariffs

Taxes imposed on products from other states and abroad.

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Recession Impact

A period where economic activity declines, affecting government revenue.

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Federalists

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution, mainly wealthy individuals.

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Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the U.S. Constitution, often small landowners and laborers.

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Federalist Papers

A set of 85 essays advocating for the Constitution's ratification.

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New Deal

A series of programs and reforms by Roosevelt aimed at economic recovery.

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The Three Rs

The ideas of Regulation, Reform, and Relief that guided the New Deal.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A New Deal agency that provided jobs through public works projects.

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Emergency Banking Act 1933

A law to temporarily close banks for inspection and reopen them under supervision.

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FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

A government agency that insures bank deposits up to $250,000.

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Better Homes in America

A campaign focused on demonstrating modern American home functions and standards.

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Demonstration Home

A model home showcasing modern amenities and family living standards.

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Home Functionality

Focus on how various rooms are used, emphasizing roles in family life.

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Construction Standards

Guidelines set to ensure quality and appropriateness in home building.

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Zoning

Regulations to manage land use and maintain neighborhood character.

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Legal Age of Consent

The minimum age at which an individual can legally consent to sexual activity, typically 16 years in most states.

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GED

General Education Development; a high school equivalency test mainly for those from lower socio-economic classes.

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Graduation Requirements

Criteria to graduate high school, including years of language arts, math, social studies, science, and electives.

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College Costs

Tuition varies significantly between nonprofit, for-profit, and in-state vs. out-of-state institutions.

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Student Loans

Money borrowed for education to be repaid with interest; average interest is around $2,186 yearly.

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Minimum Wage

The federal wage workers must be paid, currently $7.25 per hour, with variations in some states.

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Overtime Pay

Compensation at a higher rate for hours worked beyond 40 in a week, typically time and a half.

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Health Insurance Co-Pay

A fixed amount paid for a healthcare service, usually ranging from $20 to $50.

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HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; a federal law protecting patient information privacy.

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Employment Types

Categories of jobs including full-time (40 hours or more) and part-time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Espinoza vs. Montana Dept. of Revenue

A Supreme Court case ruling that families can receive state-funded tuition for religious school attendance.

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Evangelical Protestantism

A branch of Christianity known for its biblicism and activism, representing 25.4% of Americans.

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Megachurches

Large churches with over 2,000 members, known for conservative values and significant financial contributions.

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Moral Majority

A political coalition of evangelical Christians aiming to push conservative family values in the 1980s.

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Religious Right

A political movement promoting conservative social policies primarily among evangelical Christians.

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Culture definition

Derived from Latin, it often means to protect or worship; impacts social structure and identity.

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Family values

A political slogan used by conservatives emphasizing traditional family structures and morals.

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Shopping for God

The trend of associating consumerism with religious symbols and loyalty, blurring value systems.

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Study Notes

Basic Facts

  • Total area of the USA: 9,833,517 sq km
  • Population (April 2023): 334,589,107
  • One birth every 9 seconds
  • One death every 10 seconds
  • One international migrant every 31 seconds
  • Net gain of one person every 20 seconds
  • US population is slowing down; immigration and birth rates are declining
  • COVID impacted death rate; WHO estimated 1 million Americans died.

American Flag

  • Possible reasons for display:
    • Military service or supporting troops
    • Sense of pride in country (nationalism)
    • Cultural reasons
    • Celebratory reasons (e.g., Independence Day, Veterans Day)
    • Required by homeowner's association (HOA)
  • Desecrating the flag can result in fines or jail time (up to 1 year)

The Road to the U.S. Constitution:

  • Declaration of Independence (1776):

    • John Hancock's signature is famously associated with the document.
  • Articles of Confederation (1776-1787):

    • Weak and ineffective government
    • Lacked authority, power, and unity

Levels & Branches of Government

  • Two main levels of government: state and national.
  • Combined general & regional governments
  • Divides powers between the two levels of government

Branches of Government

  • Executive
  • Legislative
  • Judicial

Political Parties

  • Not mentioned in Constitution.
  • Democrat & Republican parties have existed since the mid-19th century.
  • Have not always remained in the same position on the political spectrum.

American Voters

  • Total number of US Voters have increased over the years.
    Historical data provides a visual representation of voting patterns.

High School: (in American daily life)

  • Semesters: Fall (August/September - December) and Spring (January-May/June)
  • Lasts 4 years
  • Legal requirements: legal age for consent in most states is 16, and legal age of an adult is 18.

Graduation Requirements

  • 4 years of Language Arts (English & Literature) & Mathematics
  • 3 years of Social Studies & Science
  • 2 years of World Languages

Individual Rights

  • Limited government specifically to protect individual rights

Federalists & Anti-Federalists

  • Disagreements on the US Constitution
  • Federalists: Supported the Constitution; large landowners, wealthy merchants, professionals
  • Anti-Federalists: Didn’t support the Constitution; small farmers, shopkeepers, laborers

Bill of Rights

  • First 10 Amendments of the Constitution

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