90 Questions
Who attempted to buy Cuba in 1854?
Franklin Pierce
What did José Martí believe was essential for political liberty?
Economic independence
Which country had the most significant economic interests in Cuba after 1865?
United States
Who was the Spanish general named governor of Cuba known for the cruel Reconcentration Policy?
Valeriano Weyler
What did José Martí fear about the United States regarding Cuba?
Spreading over the West Indies
What movement eventually led to the Spanish-American War of 1898?
The movement José Martí participated in
What is the equivalent warhead yield of the Soviet made medium range weapons mentioned in the text?
2.42 kilotons
How many people are estimated to be critically injured and die within the next couple of weeks?
157,350
What is the immediate effect on someone standing outside South Kedzie looking towards the blast?
Immediate blindness and severe burns
What is the likely impact on flammable items when the modeled detonation occurs above downtown Lansing?
Almost everything catches fire
How far does the shockwave reach pulverizing almost every building on campus?
Williamston
When does the second shockwave, moving in the opposite direction, arrive?
After about a minute
Where did Fidel Castro meet Ernesto 'Che' Guevara?
Mexico
Which event led to Castro assuming power on January 1, 1959?
Successful Cuban revolution
What was the main source of income for the Havana mafia mentioned in the text?
Gambling, drugs, and prostitution
Who was born in Argentina and killed in Bolivia while fomenting revolution?
Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
When did the Cuban government under Castro confiscate property owned by U.S. citizens?
1960
What was the outcome of the CIA-backed invasion at the Bay of Pigs in 1961?
Successful overthrow of Castro
What is the consequence of venturing outside after a nuclear attack, according to the text?
Encountering black, oily rain due to radioactive debris in the atmosphere
Which regions are mentioned as potential targets in the event of a counter-value nuclear exchange?
North America, Europe, Northern Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of the Middle East
What was one of the options proposed to handle the crisis during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Invade Cuba immediately and secure first the missile sites
Who demanded the use of the United States' nuclear arsenal against both Cuba and the Soviet Union?
General Curtis LeMay
What was General Curtis LeMay's suggestion to President Kennedy during the crisis?
Use nuclear weapons against both Cuba and the Soviet Union
What action did President Kennedy propose calling a 'Quarantine' during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Prevent the missiles from reaching Cuba without technically destroying the ships and without invasion
What was the outcome of the negotiations between the Superpowers after 13 tense days?
The US removed missiles from Turkey while the Soviets agreed not to place missiles in Cuba.
What happened to Nikita Khrushchev after the negotiations?
He was removed from office by the Politburo and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev.
What authority did Fidel Castro have regarding the nuclear-equipped artillery in Cuba?
He had the authority to use these weapons if the United States invaded.
How did the American fleet communicate with Soviet submarines during the quarantine?
By using depth charges as a way of signaling the submarines.
What happened to the Soviet sub 'Project 641' during the quarantine?
It sustained damage from depth charges used by the American fleet.
What did Castro tell former US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara at a state dinner many years later?
He would have ordered the use of nuclear weapons even if it meant destroying his country.
What economic ties existed between Cuba and the U.S. before Cuban independence?
American import of Cuban sugar and cigars
Who was José Martí and what ideology did he strongly advocate for?
Patriot promoting political liberty with economic independence
What sentiment towards the U.S. did José Martí express prior to his death?
Nationalism and anti-U.S. sentiment
Under whose governorship was the cruel Reconcentration Policy implemented in Cuba?
Valeriano Weyler
What type of policy was the Reconcentration Policy under Valeriano Weyler known for?
Rural population concentration camps
How did U.S. business interests in Cuba compare to Spanish interests after 1865?
U.S. interests eclipsed Spanish interests on the island
What did the Platt Amendment grant the U.S. in relation to Cuba?
The right to appoint the Cuban government officials
What significant impact did the Spanish-American War have on the United States?
Converted the U.S. into a world power with global interests
Which individual was NOT a U.S.-backed military dictator in Cuba during the first decades of the 20th century?
Emilio Aguinaldo
What were some of the abuses during Fulgencio Batista's period as ruler in Cuba?
Suppression of constitution, no elections, no free press
Which event directly led to Cuba assuming power under Fulgencio Batista?
Overthrow of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba
How did the Spanish-American War contribute to ending Spanish colonialism?
By severing Spain's colonial grip on territories
Who on board was responsible for countermanding the order to launch the nuclear torpedo during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The political officer
According to McNamara, who saved the world during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Vasily Arkhipov
How many people are typically required within the leadership loop to activate the global stockpile of nuclear weapons?
Dozens of people
What action did the captain take with the sub's nuclear torpedo during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Launched it at US ships
What metaphorical comparison is made regarding the global stockpile of nuclear weapons?
A ton of dynamite per person
In what year do hydrogen bomb drills in U.S. classrooms take place according to the text?
1962
What event led to Fidel Castro assuming power on January 1, 1959?
Participation in the failed 1953 attack against the Batista government
What was one of the key aspects of the early Cuban revolutionaries in 1959?
Initial support from middle and upper-class Cubans
When did Washington break diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba?
January 3, 1961
What was the fate of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara based on the provided text?
Killed in Bolivia during a revolutionary uprising
What significant action did Castro's government take in 1960 regarding property owned by U.S. citizens?
Confiscating approximately 1 billion dollars in property
Which event marked the turning point that led to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962?
Fidel Castro assuming power on January 1, 1959
Why was Fidel Castro hated by many despite initially being seen as democratic?
Castro allowed Cuba to become a satellite country of the U.S.S.R.
What made Castro unpopular with those who prefer individualism and freedom of expression?
Castro's ruthless suppression of political dissidents.
What did Castro do that contradicted his initial stance on U.S. domination?
Allowed Cuba to become a satellite country of the U.S.S.R.
What aspect of Castro's rule led to a new and better day for Afro-Cubans?
Nationalization and expansion of public services like education and medicine.
Why did Castro's rule turn authoritarian despite his initial democratic claims?
Ruthless suppression of freedom of expression and political dissidents.
What action by Castro led to his unpopularity among those who value their own initiative?
Requiring strict adherence to the Party line.
What event led to Fidel Castro assuming power on January 1, 1959?
The Cuban revolutionaries landing in Cuba aboard the Granma in 1956
Where did Fidel Castro meet Ernesto 'Che' Guevara?
Mexico
What was the main source of income for the Havana mafia mentioned in the text?
Control of gambling, drugs, and prostitution
Who saved the world during the Cuban Missile Crisis according to McNamara?
Nikita Khrushchev
What action did President Kennedy propose calling a 'Quarantine' during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
An economic blockade of Cuba
What authority did Fidel Castro have regarding the nuclear-equipped artillery in Cuba?
No authority, it was under Soviet control
How many Cuban exiles, trained by the CIA in Guatemala, participated in the Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961?
1,400
Which country placed medium-range ballistic missiles in Turkey in 1961, potentially threatening Soviet cities?
United States
What was the approximate number of people that could be killed in under about 20 minutes if the U.S. medium-range missiles in Turkey were to reach Soviet cities?
50 million
What was the approximate number of Soviet Union's arsenal of weapons in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
About 3,000
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, where were medium-range missiles placed under the protection of Fidel Castro?
Cuba
What was the amount paid by the U.S. to Cuba to ransom captured Cuban exiles after the Bay of Pigs invasion?
$53 million
What is the estimated number of people who die immediately from the modeled detonation above downtown Lansing?
157,350
What would happen to someone standing outside South Kedzie looking towards the blast according to the text?
Immediate permanent blindness and severe burns
What effect does the shockwave have on buildings on campus according to the text?
Pulverizes almost every building
In what direction does the second shockwave move after the modeled detonation above downtown Lansing?
In the opposite direction of the first shockwave
What is the equivalent of a 2.42 megaton detonation in tons of dynamite according to the text?
$2,420$ tons
What is the likely outcome for someone who ventures outside after a nuclear attack according to the text?
High risk of radiation poisoning
What communication method did the US fleet use to signal that Soviet submarines had been spotted during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Depth charges
Who replaced Nikita Khrushchev as the leader of the Soviet Union after he was removed from office?
Leonid Brezhnev
Who did Fidel Castro reveal his willingness to use the nuclear-equipped artillery in Cuba to, even if it meant the total destruction of his country and much of the world?
Robert McNamara
What was the code established between Moscow and Washington to always link the heads of state for both Superpowers?
'Red Line'
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, what action was taken by the US fleet upon spotting Soviet submarines beneath them?
Using depth charges
Why did at least one Soviet submarine not interpret the depth charges from the American fleet correctly during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Misunderstanding the code
What would have been the consequence of invading Cuba immediately during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Necessitating the use of tactical nuclear weapons and almost certainly causing a global war
What was General Curtis LeMay's demand to President Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Use the nuclear arsenal against both Cuba and the Soviet Union
What was one of the options put forward to handle the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Attack the ships carrying the weapons
What action did the Joint Chiefs of Staff and President Kennedy desperately try to take during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Prevent the missiles from reaching Cuba through a quarantine
What was established by the United States as a defensive measure surrounding Cuba?
A cordon of ships around Cuba
What was President Kennedy's proposed strategy to handle the Cuban Missile Crisis?
"Quarantine" of Cuba to prevent missiles from reaching without invasion
Learn about the close economic relationship established between the United States and Cuba before Cuban independence from Spain. Explore how US citizens owned businesses in Cuba, imported sugar and cigars, and attempted to buy the island. Discover the cultural and historical ties of Cuba to Spain, as well as its strong economic link to the US.
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