US Constitution Drafting Conflicts and Compromises
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Which of these options were major concerns of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention?

  • The need for a stronger national defense (correct)
  • The potential for a too-powerful central government (correct)
  • The balance of power between large and small states (correct)
  • The lack of a national currency

    • The New Jersey Plan favored a bicameral Congress, similar to the British Parliament.

    False (B)

    What two key rights did the delegates believe the new government should guarantee?

    Life, liberty, and property

    The delegates from twelve states met in Philadelphia in ______ to discuss and create a new blueprint for the nation.

    <p>1787</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Articles of Confederation = The first government established by the newly independent United States, criticized for its weakness in central authority. Unicameral = A legislature consisting of only one chamber, representing the states equally. Bicameral = A legislature composed of two chambers, often representing different constituencies. Interstate commerce = Trade and business that occur between different states, requiring national regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The delegates at the Constitutional Convention reached a complete consensus on all issues without any compromises.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event directly influenced the delegates' fear of a powerful central government?

    <p>The American Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options was NOT a major concern addressed by the Constitution?

    <p>Ensuring religious freedom for all citizens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding Article I of the Constitution is true?

    <p>It postponed the abolition of the foreign slave trade until 1808. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Constitution placed no restrictions on the domestic slave trade.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clause in Article IV allowed enslavers to reclaim their enslaved people who escaped to other states?

    <p>fugitive slave clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The separation of powers divides the national government into three branches: __________, __________, and __________.

    <p>Legislative, Executive, Judicial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following branches of government with their functions:

    <p>Legislative = Makes laws Executive = Enforces laws Judicial = Interprets laws Checks and Balances = Restricts actions between branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case established the principle of judicial review?

    <p>Marbury v. Madison (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neither Congress nor the president had the ability to check each other's powers under the Articles of Confederation.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congress can pass laws, but its power can be checked by the __________, who has the ability to veto potential legislation.

    <p>president</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary point of contention regarding the counting of enslaved people for representation in the House?

    <p>Southern states wanted enslaved people counted, while Northern states opposed it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Three-Fifths Compromise allowed for the full counting of enslaved people for both representation and taxation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason why Southern states insisted on including enslaved people in their population count for representation?

    <p>To gain more representatives in the House and thus more political power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Three-Fifths Compromise allowed slaveholding states to count ____ of their enslaved population for purposes of Congressional apportionment.

    <p>three-fifths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their relevant descriptions:

    <p>Three-Fifths Compromise = Agreement to count three-fifths of enslaved people for representation and taxation. Congressional Apportionment = Process of determining the number of representatives each state receives in the House. Import Tax = Levy imposed on goods brought into the country Abolition = Complete ending of slavery Census = Official count of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the president vetoes a bill passed by both houses of Congress?

    <p>The bill is returned to Congress for another vote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congress has never refused a president’s request for a declaration of war.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power does Congress have over the president regarding military funding?

    <p>Refusing to provide funds for the military</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The House of Representatives can __ the president by bringing formal charges.

    <p>impeach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of Congress is responsible for trying the president after impeachment?

    <p>Senate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following powers with their definitions:

    <p>Enumerated powers = Specific powers granted to the federal government Veto = The president's power to reject legislation Impeachment = The process of charging a president with misconduct Ratification = The Senate's approval process for treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The federal government has unlimited power over states in a federal system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process where both chambers of Congress work together to remove the president is called __.

    <p>impeachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of individuals born to enslaved mothers after the law's passage in Massachusetts?

    <p>They became indentured servants until they turned twenty-eight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1783, slavery was completely abolished in Massachusetts.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did many Americans believe slavery was inconsistent with?

    <p>The ideals stated in the Declaration of Independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Virginia Plan favored a strong national government that would have the power to ______ laws passed by state legislatures.

    <p>veto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a concern for some White people regarding the increase of the enslaved population?

    <p>Fear for their safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the event or concept with its description:

    <p>Federal Supremacy = The belief in a strong national government State Sovereignty = The idea that states govern themselves Virginia Plan = Legislation favoring populous states Massachusetts 1783 = Abolishment of slavery in the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All southern states wanted the Constitution to abolish slavery.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What powers were necessary for the survival and efficient functioning of the new nation?

    <p>The authority to maintain an army and navy, tax, and regulate trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the agreement that established a two-chamber Congress?

    <p>The Great Compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each state has representation in the Senate based on its population size.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the term for a member of the House of Representatives?

    <p>two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Compromise was suggested by _________ of Connecticut.

    <p>Roger Sherman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following powers of Congress with their descriptions:

    <p>Taxation = Imposing charges to generate revenue Declaring War = Officially announcing conflict with another nation Regulating Trade = Controlling commerce between states and nations Coining Money = Producing currency for economic transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Senate is correct?

    <p>Each state has two senators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congress has the authority to impose taxes without representation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the House of Representatives regarding revenue bills?

    <p>All bills to raise revenue must originate in the House.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Identify conflicts and compromises in drafting the Constitution
    • Summarize the core features of the US government under the Constitution

    1786 Annapolis Convention

    • Virginia and Maryland invited delegates from other states to revise the Articles of Confederation in Annapolis, Maryland
    • Only five states sent representatives
    • The convention failed to achieve its goal due to the requirement of unanimous agreement from all 13 states for any alterations
    • Alexander Hamilton and James Madison suggested a convention in Philadelphia the following year in an attempt to revise the Articles once again

    Philadelphia Convention of 1787

    • Fifty-five delegates arrived in Philadelphia in May 1787
    • Delegates desired a stronger national government but also feared a powerful central government
    • They sought to balance state autonomy with national unity and individual rights with societal order
    • They feared a repeat of Shays' Rebellion

    Points of Contention

    • Debate over the balance of national and state power
    • Desire for a strong national government to avoid the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation
    • Fear of a national government that would be too powerful and infringe on individual rights and state autonomy
    • Concern about the role of slavery in the new government

    Representation in the New Government

    • Virginia Plan proposed a bicameral legislature based on population with representatives elected by popular vote
    • New Jersey Plan favored a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state
    • The Great Compromise: Roger Sherman proposed a bicameral legislature with equal representation in the Senate (2 senators per state) and representation in the House based on population
    • Representatives in the House would be elected by popular vote

    Slavery and Freedom

    • Differing viewpoints on slavery existed between Northern and Southern states
    • Northern states were beginning to abolish slavery or implement plans to gradually end slavery
    • Southern states resisted any measures threatening the institution of slavery
    • Three-Fifths Compromise: for purposes of Congressional apportionment, slaveholding states could count 60% of their enslaved population in addition to their free population

    Federal Supremacy vs. State Sovereignty

    • Debate over how much power the national government should have
    • Supporters of a strong national government argued it was vital for the nation's survival and functioning
    • Critics feared a powerful national government potentially infringing on individual rights and state sovereignty

    Individual Liberty vs. Social Stability

    • Delegates balanced the desire to protect individual liberties (life, liberty, and property) with the need for a stable, ordered society
    • There was no consensus on how much individual liberty should be restricted to maintain order

    Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

    • Constitution established three branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) with distinct but interrelated powers
    • Checks and balances were established to maintain balance of power among the branches
    • Each branch is capable of restraining actions of other branches to prevent tyranny

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    Description

    This quiz explores the conflicts and compromises encountered during the drafting of the US Constitution. Through key events like the Annapolis and Philadelphia Conventions, participants will gain insight into the debates surrounding state and federal powers, as well as the fundamental principles of the US government.

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