Podcast
Questions and Answers
What strains of HPV does the Gardasil vaccine protect against?
What strains of HPV does the Gardasil vaccine protect against?
- 4, 7, 10, 12
- 1, 2, 3, 5
- 6, 11, 16, 18 (correct)
- 15, 19, 20, 21
What is the primary mode of treatment for candidiasis caused by C. albicans?
What is the primary mode of treatment for candidiasis caused by C. albicans?
- Long-term antifungal therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Antifungal medications (correct)
- Surgery
Which symptom is commonly associated with trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
- Severe abdominal pain
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Fever and chills
- Itching and burning (correct)
What is the significance of C. albicans in the normal microbiota?
What is the significance of C. albicans in the normal microbiota?
What potential risk does trichomoniasis pose during pregnancy?
What potential risk does trichomoniasis pose during pregnancy?
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Which symptom is typically associated with cystitis?
Which symptom is typically associated with cystitis?
Which demographic is more prone to urinary tract infections?
Which demographic is more prone to urinary tract infections?
What can acute glomerulonephritis lead to?
What can acute glomerulonephritis lead to?
What is the typical cause of pyelonephritis?
What is the typical cause of pyelonephritis?
What are the main types of bacterial urethritis?
What are the main types of bacterial urethritis?
What symptom is most indicative of pyelonephritis?
What symptom is most indicative of pyelonephritis?
Which of the following conditions can be life-threatening if not treated?
Which of the following conditions can be life-threatening if not treated?
What is the most common symptom of gonorrhea in women?
What is the most common symptom of gonorrhea in women?
Which complication is associated with untreated chlamydia in women?
Which complication is associated with untreated chlamydia in women?
What is a common symptom of gonorrhea in males?
What is a common symptom of gonorrhea in males?
How is syphilis primarily transmitted?
How is syphilis primarily transmitted?
What can happen if gonorrhea is left untreated?
What can happen if gonorrhea is left untreated?
What is the incubation period for syphilis?
What is the incubation period for syphilis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of untreated gonorrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of untreated gonorrhea?
Which organism is responsible for syphilis?
Which organism is responsible for syphilis?
What characterizes the primary stage of syphilis?
What characterizes the primary stage of syphilis?
In what timeframe does the primary syphilis sore heal spontaneously?
In what timeframe does the primary syphilis sore heal spontaneously?
Which of the following stages begins after the chancre starts to heal?
Which of the following stages begins after the chancre starts to heal?
Which herpes simplex virus type is primarily associated with oral herpes?
Which herpes simplex virus type is primarily associated with oral herpes?
What type of rash is associated with secondary syphilis?
What type of rash is associated with secondary syphilis?
Which complications may arise from untreated syphilis?
Which complications may arise from untreated syphilis?
What is a common symptom associated with a herpes infection?
What is a common symptom associated with a herpes infection?
What percentage of cervical cancers is caused by HPV strains 16 and 18?
What percentage of cervical cancers is caused by HPV strains 16 and 18?
What is a significant health risk of congenital syphilis?
What is a significant health risk of congenital syphilis?
What is true regarding the transmission of herpes during pregnancy?
What is true regarding the transmission of herpes during pregnancy?
At what stage is syphilis generally considered non-infectious?
At what stage is syphilis generally considered non-infectious?
Which of the following statements about HPV is accurate?
Which of the following statements about HPV is accurate?
What condition can arise from gummas in tertiary syphilis?
What condition can arise from gummas in tertiary syphilis?
What is the main characteristic of the majority of genital warts caused by HPV?
What is the main characteristic of the majority of genital warts caused by HPV?
What is a common name for lesions caused by HPV in the genital area?
What is a common name for lesions caused by HPV in the genital area?
Which of the following refers to the risk associated with HIV in the context of herpes infections?
Which of the following refers to the risk associated with HIV in the context of herpes infections?
Flashcards
Chlamydia
Chlamydia
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that often has no symptoms, especially in women. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
The most common bacterial STI in the United States. It can cause discharge, dysuria, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
A serious complication of Gonorrhea that can affect the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. It increases the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Syphilis
Syphilis
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Primary Syphilis
Primary Syphilis
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Secondary Syphilis
Secondary Syphilis
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Tertiary Syphilis
Tertiary Syphilis
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UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
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Cystitis
Cystitis
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Pyuria
Pyuria
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Hematuria
Hematuria
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STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection)
STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection)
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Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis
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Urethritis
Urethritis
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Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
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Chancre
Chancre
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Chancre healing
Chancre healing
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Bacterial spread
Bacterial spread
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Contagious rash
Contagious rash
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Gummas
Gummas
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Candida Sp.
Candida Sp.
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Candidiasis
Candidiasis
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Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis
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Trich
Trich
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HPV vaccine
HPV vaccine
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Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes
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Asymptomatic Herpes
Asymptomatic Herpes
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Herpes Symptoms
Herpes Symptoms
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Herpes and HIV
Herpes and HIV
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Herpes Treatment
Herpes Treatment
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Genital Warts
Genital Warts
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Oncogenic HPV
Oncogenic HPV
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HPV and Cancer
HPV and Cancer
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Study Notes
Urogenital System Infections
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): The urinary system filters blood, removes waste, and regulates electrolytes/water. Common sites of infection include the bladder and urethra (males and females). Males can also get infections in the urethra, testes, prostate, and epididymis. Females have infections in the vulva, vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes. UTIs can be caused by environmental colonization, shifts in microbiota (hormonal/physiological changes), fecal contamination, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
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Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections:
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Cystitis: Commonly caused by E. coli (fecal bacteria).
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Pyelonephritis: A serious kidney infection often caused by bacteria from other urinary infections, leading to systemic issues.
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Leptospirosis: A bacterial kidney infection spread by animal urine, especially in contaminated water. More common in warm climates than cool.
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Bacterial Reproductive Tract Infections:
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Bacterial Vaginosis: An imbalance in vaginal microbiota, decreased lactobacilli, and high vaginal pH. Gardnerella vaginalis is the most common cause. Characterized by vaginal discharge, odor, burning, and itching.
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Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Affects reproductive and urinary tracts. Symptoms include urethritis; untreated, it can progress to epididymitis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, potentially entering the bloodstream.
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Chlamydia: The most common reported STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Usually asymptomatic, untreated cases can affect the male epididymis and cause salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females.
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Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum. Has three stages: primary (painless chancre on genitals), secondary (skin/mucous membrane lesions), tertiary (severe systemic damage).
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Chancroid: Infection of the reproductive tract by Haemophilus ducreyi, causing characteristic soft chancres.
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Viral Reproductive Tract Infections:
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Genital Herpes: Usually caused by HSV-2 (though HSV-1 is possible). Can cause vesicles; recurring infections are possible. Neonatal herpes is a concern for babies born to infected mothers, ranging in severity.
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Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs): The most common ST viruses. Some strains cause genital warts; others are associated with cervical cancer.
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Fungal Reproductive Tract Infections:
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Candidiasis: Caused by Candida spp. Normally part of the microbiota in various parts of the body, including the vagina. Disruptions in the vaginal microbiota can lead to overgrowth, causing vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection).Treated with topical or oral fungicides.
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Protozoan Urogenital Infections:
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Trichomoniasis: Common STI caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Typically asymptomatic but can cause urinary irritation, itching, burning, and discharge from the penis or vagina if symptomatic. Treated with tinidazole or metronidazole.
General Notes
- Infection diagnosis and treatment vary but often include urinalysis (leukocyte esterase/nitrite, microscopic evaluation, and urine culture) and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
- Infection prevention is often difficult.
- Females tend to experience UTIs more frequently than males, possibly related to anatomy (e.g., urethra length, proximity to the rectum).
Additional Notes from the provided material
- Review Questions: The document includes a set of multiple-choice review questions about urogenital infections.
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Description
Explore the complexities of urogenital system infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacterial reproductive tract infections. Learn about the common causes, affected areas, and the significance of bacteria such as E. coli in these infections. This quiz aims to enhance your understanding of urogenital health.
