Urinary Tract Infections & Chronic Pyelonephritis Quiz

Lower and upper urinary tract

Upper UTIs

Escherichia coli

<p>Non-E.coli gram negative (Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) and gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Washout phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction and reflux, people with neurologic disorders impairing bladder emptying, postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using ACE inhibitors with diuretics, NSAIDs, immunosuppressant drugs, high doses of dopamine, epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By obstruction to urine outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorders of the kidney itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing urine output, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes, and urine analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration in filtration (decrease GFR), reabsorption, and endocrine functions of the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, alterations in Na and water excretion, disruptions in regulation of electrolyte levels, skeletal problems, anemia, cardiovascular disorders, neurological disturbances, and gastrointestinal dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal failure is defined as a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to less than 20% to 25% of normal, around 30 ml per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative management aims to prevent and retard deterioration in remaining renal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal replacement therapy with dialysis or transplantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activated vitamin D and the use of recombinant human erythropoietin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden fever, chills, back pain, tenderness over the costovertbral angle, dysuria, frequency, urgency, scarring and deformations of the kidney, mild proteinuria, polyuria, nocturia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition in which the kidney fails to maintain its normal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute and usually reversible suppression of kidney function, accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood, sharp decrease in urine output, altered body fluids and electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 to 75%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As prerenal, intrinsic or intrarenal, postrenal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute renal failure, chronic renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated urine in the bladder serves as a medium for microbial growth, allowing pathogens to ascend along the ureters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pili are fine protein filaments that facilitate adherence of pathogens to structures in the urinary tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized edema is the hallmark of nephrosis in nephrotic syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by interstitial infectious inflammatory process, abscess formation, and tubular necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorders increasing the permeability of the glomerular capillary membrane cause nephrotic syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflux can occur as urethrovesical reflux (from urethra to bladder) or vesicoureteral reflux (from bladder to ureters).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystitis presents with frequency and urgency of urination, dysuria, lower abdominal or back discomfort, and cloudy, foul-smelling urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pili facilitate adherence of pathogens to structures in the urinary tract, enhancing their virulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by primary disorders like membranous glomerulonephritis or secondary to systematic diseases like DM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pyelonephritis can develop from ascending bladder infections or infections originating from the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers