Urinary Tract Infections and Kidney Disease Symptoms

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What is the primary focus of a urine culture?

Measuring the specific gravity of the urine

Determining the pH of the urine

Identifying the type of bacteria present (correct)

Detecting the presence of yeast or parasites

Which of the following is a complication of UTIs?

Gallstones

Bacteremia (correct)

Kidney stones

Hypertension

What is the name of the test that measures the levels of creatinine and albumin?

CMP (correct)

Urine culture

Urine analysis

Creatinine clearance test

What is the term for the colonization of the urine and infection of any part of the urinary tract?

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common infecting organism in asymptomatic bacteriuria?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of kidney injury in deposition of soluble circulating antibodies?

Complement binding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria >3.5 gm/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual age range for primary renal disease associated with lipoid nephrosis?

Children under 15 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glomerulonephritis is associated with subendothelial linear deposits of dense bodies?

Type I lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Loss of protein versus blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which antibodies react with antigens in the glomeruli?

In-situ reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis?

Symptomatic gallstones or development of complications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cholelithiasis?

Family history Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis?

They are initially benign but can become malignant Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of hematuria in children?

IgA nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who develop hypertrophy of the RPE?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of all cases of colorectal cancer attributed to familial adenomatous polyposis?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of glomerular deposit in IgA nephropathy?

Intramembranous granular 'lumpy bumpy' deposit of dense bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of inheritance of familial adenomatous polyposis?

Autosomal dominant Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases of hematuria in adults caused by IgA nephropathy?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in the prevalence of nephrolithiasis over the past 20 years?

It has increased from 3.2% to 5.2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of urinary tract malignancies associated with bladder cancer?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute pyelonephritis?

Gram-negative bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of acute pyelonephritis?

Flank pain Signup and view all the answers

How is acute pyelonephritis commonly acquired?

By ascending bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a common laboratory finding in urine sediment?

Pyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common organism causing acute pyelonephritis?