22 Questions
What type of lithotripsy is used to break stones into sand-like particles?
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy
What is the second most common infection in the body?
Urinary tract infection
What is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated UTI?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the infection that affects the kidney pelvis?
Pyelonephritis
What is the term for inflammation of the prostate gland?
Prostatitis
What is the medical management for UTI?
Antibiotic therapy
What is the duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated UTI?
3-7 days
What is the type of UTI that affects the bladder?
Cystitis
What is recommended to promote renal blood flow and flush bacteria from the urinary tract?
Drinking liberal amounts of water
Which of the following bacteria is commonly found in patients who have been previously treated with antibiotics?
Enterococcus
What is a common cause of hospital-acquired UTIs?
Catheterization
What is recommended to avoid in patients with urinary tract infections?
Urinary tract irritants such as coffee and tea
What is the mechanism by which cranberry juice prevents UTIs?
Preventing bacterial adhesion to uroepithelium
Why is it important to empty the bladder completely?
To reduce the risk of UTI
What is the recommended frequency of urination during the day?
Every 2-3 hours
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for complicated UTIs?
Old age
What is the name of the antibiotic commonly used to treat UTIs?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
What is the purpose of acidifying urine with ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?
To reduce the risk of recurrent UTI
What is a potential complication of UTIs?
Pyelonephritis
What is the term for the clinical manifestations of lower UTI?
BURICAT
What type of bacteria is commonly associated with UTIs?
E. coli
What is one of the signs of lower UTI in older adults?
Confusion
Study Notes
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
- Caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract
- Second most common infection in the body
Causative Microorganisms
- E. coli (most common)
- Enterococcus (in patients previously treated with antibiotics)
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas
- Staphylococcus
- Klebsiella
Clinical Manifestations (Lower UTI) "BURICAT"
- Burning on urination (B)
- Urinary frequency and urgency (U)
- Red urine (Hematuria) (R)
- Incontinence (I)
- Confusion (older adults), Chills (C)
- Awaken at night to urinate (nocturia) (A)
- Temperature elevated (T)
Clinical Manifestations (Upper UTI)
- Same as Lower UTI
- Flank pain
- Pain at costovertebral angle
Types of UTI
- Lower UTI
- Cystitis – inflammation of the urinary bladder
- Prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland
- Urethritis – inflammation of the urethra
- Upper UTI
- Pyelonephritis – inflammation of the renal pelvis
- Nephritis – inflammation of the kidney
UTI Classifications
- Uncomplicated UTI
- Community-acquired infection
- Common in young women
- Not usually recurrent
- Complicated UTI
- Hospital-acquired (commonly related to catheterization)
- Occur in patients with urologic abnormalities, pregnancy, immunosuppression, diabetes, and obstructions
- Often recurrent
Patient Education to Prevent UTI
- Encourage liberal amounts of water to promote renal blood flow and flush bacteria from the urinary tract
- Avoid urinary tract irritants (e.g., coffee, tea, citrus, spices, colas, alcohol)
- Instruct to empty bladder completely (void q2-3 hours)
- Shower rather than bathe in the tub
- Wipe from front to back
- Increase oral fluid intake and avoid urinary tract irritants
- Urinate q2-3 hours during the day and completely empty the bladder
- Take medications exactly as prescribed
- Acidify urine with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 1 gram once daily for recurrent infections
- Notify physician if fever occurs or if with persistent symptoms
Medical Management
- Antibiotic Therapy
- Short-course (3 days) or 7-day regimen
- Medications:
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
- Cefalexin (Keflex)
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- Ofloxacin (Floxin)
- Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
- Daily intake of cranberry juice helps prevent and control symptoms of UTI by preventing bacterial adhesion to uroepithelium.
Learn how to prevent urinary tract infections by promoting renal blood flow and avoiding irritating substances. This quiz covers the most common bacteria that cause UTIs, including Enterococcus and Pseudomonas.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
