Urinary System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Digestion of food

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Maintenance of homeostasis (correct)

Transportation of nutrients

Which structure is NOT part of the kidney's nephron?

Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule

Collecting duct (correct)

What composes the renal corpuscle?

Renal medulla and renal pelvis

Bowman's capsule and renal interstitium

Glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule (correct)

Which layer of Bowman’s capsule is composed of podocytes?

Visceral layer Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the urinary system stores urine before excretion?

Urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue surrounds the kidney?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

How many nephrons does each kidney typically contain?

1 to 4 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the collecting tubules?

Concentration and conveyance of urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the kidney called?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to regulate blood pressure?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thick continuous basement membrane in the filtration barrier?

Prevention of protein loss Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for renin secretion in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Juxtaglomerular cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Active reabsorption of glucose and amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nephron has a brush border on its epithelial cells?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the urinary passage is lined with transitional epithelium?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do macula densa cells primarily function as?

Osmoreceptors sensitive to Na+ concentration Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue comprises the muscular layer of the urinary passage?

Smooth muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) located?

At the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is predominantly reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) under the influence of aldosterone?

Sodium (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What role do mesangial cells play in the glomerulus?

Structural support and phagocytic function Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Histology

The urinary system comprises paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
Kidneys are bean-shaped retroperitoneal organs, formed of stroma (capsule, renal interstitium, CT) and parenchyma (outer cortex, inner medulla).
The nephron is the functional unit, consisting of a renal corpuscle and tubule (proximal, loop of Henle, distal, collecting).
The renal corpuscle includes a glomerulus (vascular ball, 200 µm diameter) covered by Bowman's capsule (double-walled epithelial cup).
The filtration membrane separates blood in the glomerular capillaries from the urinary space in Bowman's capsule.
The filtration membrane has fenestrated endothelial cells, a continuous basement membrane, and filtration slits with diaphragms.
Mesangial cells are stellate cells supporting glomerular capillaries and having phagocytic function.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) includes cells from the distal tubule (macula densa), afferent arteriolar smooth muscle cells (juxtaglomerular cells), and lacis cells (extraglomerular mesangial cells).
Macula densa acts as osmoreceptors sensitive to sodium concentration in the distal tubule.
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin to regulate blood pressure.
Lacis cells function in supporting the JGA.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with a brush border (microvilli). Its functions include active reabsorption of glucose and amino acids, and reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+, and H2O.
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is lined with cuboidal epithelium without a brush border. It functions include reabsorption of Na+, K+, and water under aldosterone and ADH influences, and excretion of H2O and NH3.
Urinary passages include calyces, pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra.
Urinary passages have a mucosa with transitional epithelium, a muscular layer (detrusor muscle), and an adventitia (loose connective tissue).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the urinary system with this quiz. It covers the structure and function of the kidneys, nephron components, and various associated processes. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology!