Urinary System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nephron?

  • To transport urine to the bladder
  • To remove end products of metabolism (correct)
  • To secrete hormones that regulate urine production
  • To store urine before it is excreted

What is the process of emptying the bladder known as?

  • Filtration
  • Secretion
  • Resorption
  • Micturition (correct)

A normal urine output over 24 hours is typically within what range?

  • 2500-3000 mL
  • 500-700 mL
  • 800-2000 mL (correct)
  • 100-400 mL

What does the term 'oliguria' refer to?

<p>Decreased urine output (C)</p>
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What is a characteristic of infant urine production?

<p>Light color and odorless (C)</p>
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Between what ages does urinary control typically develop in children?

<p>2-5 years (C)</p>
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What is a common characteristic of urine in a dehydrated individual?

<p>Concentrated (D)</p>
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What effect does immobility have on muscle tone related to urinary function?

<p>Decreases muscle tone (C)</p>
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Which of the following medications is known to turn urine orange-red?

<p>Phenazopyridine (B)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the function of a urologic stent?

<p>Relieve obstructions in the urinary system (C)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of an indwelling urinary catheter?

<p>Drain the bladder (C)</p>
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Urea, creatinine, and uric acid are removed from the blood in what form?

<p>Urine (C)</p>
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After urine forms in the nephrons, where does it go next?

<p>Kidney pelvis (A)</p>
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What can injury to the nerve centers controlling urination lead to?

<p>Autonomic bladder (voiding by reflex only) (D)</p>
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What is the definition of 'anuria'?

<p>No or minimal urine output (C)</p>
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What is one age-related change that can affect urination?

<p>Decreased bladder contractility (B)</p>
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Increased urination at night is potentially related to which of the following?

<p>Decreased kidney concentrating urine (D)</p>
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What is a common cause of blood in the urine?

<p>Anticoagulants (B)</p>
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Why is a bladder catheter used?

<p>To drain the bladder (A)</p>
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When may a sterile urine specimen be required?

<p>Obtaining a sterile specimen when patient is unable (D)</p>
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When doing home use for the urinary system, what should be used?

<p>clean technique (A)</p>
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Bright red urine, severe pain, change in drainage pattern are all:

<p>Signs to notify provider with Urologic Stents (B)</p>
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What will the urine look like in patient with a urostomy appliance?

<p>mucus in urine (A)</p>
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How do we measure I&O for infants?

<p>weigh absorbent pads (B)</p>
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There should be no ______ when obtaining a urinalysis.

<p>tissue/feces (C)</p>
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Diagnostic Procedures that are used to view, diagnose, and treat lower urinary tract, interior bladder, urethra conditions:

<p>Cystoscopy (A)</p>
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What type of contrast is used for Intravenous Pyelogram?

<p>IV Contrast (A)</p>
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What should you avoid if the client is pregnant and is doing Retrograde Pyelogram?

<p>Informed consent (C)</p>
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With the types of incontinence, what is the involuntary escape of urine?

<p>Urinary (A)</p>
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Medications can also _______ the appearance of stool for a variety of reasons

<p>influence (B)</p>
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Flashcards

What is a nephron?

Functional unit of the kidney where waste removal occurs.

What is micturition?

The process of emptying the bladder.

What is Oliguria?

Reduced urine output.

What is Anuria?

No or minimal urine output.

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What is a Urologic Stent?

A thin catheter inserted to relieve urinary obstructions pathing urine to flow.

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What is Ileal Conduit?

Surgical removal of small intestine with ureter transplant to small bowel, creating a stoma for urine.

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Normal infant urine output

Typically 6-8 wet diapers per day (1g = 1 mL).

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What is urinary incontinence?

Involuntary urine leakage.

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What is Urge incontinence?

Urine loss w/ urge to void.

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What is Stress incontinence?

Urine loss with activity.

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What is Overflow incontinence?

Urge but small amount voided; bladder doesn't empty and leaks.

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What is Transient Incontinence?

Leakage from UTI, medication, or illness.

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What is Reflex Incontinence?

Bladder contracts without warning or urge.

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What is Total Incontinence?

Bladder can't store urine; constant leakage.

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What is Peristalsis?

Movement intestines propulsion of feces.

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What happens in the Large intestine?

Absorption of water, formation of feces, & expulsion of feces occur

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What is constipation?

Abnormal patterns may lead to this condition.

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What defines diarrhea?

More than 3 loose stools per day

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What are Enemas?

Solutions inserted into the rectum, like tap water, saline or soap suds.

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What is an Ostomy?

Surgically opening from inside organ to the outside.

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What is IV medication administration?

Directly into bloodstream, immediate effect.

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What is an IV Solution?

Slower over time, can dilute if irritant.

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What are Hypotonic solutions?

Electrolytes can shift in and out of the intravscular system with this.

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What is an IV Catheter?

An IV inserted with a needle removed, leaving a hollow tube.

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What does the skin look like with IV infiltration?

This may mean: cool, pale, blanched, and infiltration.

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Midline Peripheral Catheter

Inserted in upper arm (basilic/cephalic/brachial) >3 in long

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What is a Blood Transfusion?

High risk, needs 2 RNs to sign, very sensitive to administration reactions.

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What is Autologous Transfusion?

Blood donated then given back, can be done 4-7 days prior.

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What is Hemodialysis?

Uses vascular access device called AV fistula.

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What is Peritoneal Dialysis?

Blood vessels in abdominal lining (peritoneum) filter with dialysate fluid.

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