Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?
- Removal of metabolic wastes from the blood
- Regulation of electrolyte balance
- Regulation of acid-base balance
- Production of digestive enzymes (correct)
The kidneys are located __________, which means they are situated _________.
The kidneys are located __________, which means they are situated _________.
- Retroperitoneally; anterior to the peritoneal membranes
- Intraperitoneally; within the peritoneal cavity
- Retroperitoneally; posterior to the peritoneal membranes (correct)
- Intraperitoneally; posterior to the peritoneal membranes
Which layer of connective tissue directly encases each kidney?
Which layer of connective tissue directly encases each kidney?
- Adipose capsule
- Peritoneum
- Renal fascia
- Renal capsule (correct)
What is the function of the adipose capsule that surrounds the kidneys?
What is the function of the adipose capsule that surrounds the kidneys?
Which of the following structures is found within the renal medulla?
Which of the following structures is found within the renal medulla?
What is the hilum of the kidney?
What is the hilum of the kidney?
The renal cortex appears dark brown due to the presence of:
The renal cortex appears dark brown due to the presence of:
What gives the renal pyramids a striped appearance?
What gives the renal pyramids a striped appearance?
Which sequence correctly describes the flow of urine after it leaves the renal papilla?
Which sequence correctly describes the flow of urine after it leaves the renal papilla?
Which of the following is a function of the renal pelvis?
Which of the following is a function of the renal pelvis?
If a patient has damage to their renal fascia, what is the most likely result?
If a patient has damage to their renal fascia, what is the most likely result?
During starvation, the kidneys assist in maintaining blood glucose levels by:
During starvation, the kidneys assist in maintaining blood glucose levels by:
If the flow of urine from the minor calyces to the major calyces is blocked, what is the most likely consequence?
If the flow of urine from the minor calyces to the major calyces is blocked, what is the most likely consequence?
Why is it essential for the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance in the body?
Why is it essential for the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance in the body?
Which of the following is the most likely effect of damage to the cells that produce erythropoietin in the kidneys?
Which of the following is the most likely effect of damage to the cells that produce erythropoietin in the kidneys?
Detoxification of certain compounds is a function shared by the kidneys and which other organ?
Detoxification of certain compounds is a function shared by the kidneys and which other organ?
What would be the likely effect of a disease that significantly reduces the number of blood vessels in the renal cortex?
What would be the likely effect of a disease that significantly reduces the number of blood vessels in the renal cortex?
How do the kidneys contribute to maintaining acid-base balance in the body?
How do the kidneys contribute to maintaining acid-base balance in the body?
What is the functional significance of the nephron's location spanning both the renal cortex and renal medulla?
What is the functional significance of the nephron's location spanning both the renal cortex and renal medulla?
Considering the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis, what might occur if kidney function were severely impaired?
Considering the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis, what might occur if kidney function were severely impaired?
Flashcards
Urinary System
Urinary System
The group of organs including the kidneys and urinary tract (ureters, bladder, urethra) that maintain homeostasis.
Metabolic Wastes
Metabolic Wastes
Chemicals produced by the body that it cannot use; removed by the kidneys.
Kidneys
Kidneys
Paired organs that filter blood, regulate fluid balance, and produce erythropoietin.
Retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
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Renal Fascia
Renal Fascia
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Adipose Capsule
Adipose Capsule
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Renal Capsule
Renal Capsule
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Hilum
Hilum
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Renal Cortex
Renal Cortex
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Renal Medulla
Renal Medulla
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Renal Pyramids
Renal Pyramids
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Renal Columns
Renal Columns
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Renal Papilla
Renal Papilla
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Minor Calyces
Minor Calyces
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Major Calyces
Major Calyces
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Renal Pelvis
Renal Pelvis
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin
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Study Notes
- The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
- It maintains homeostasis through functions primarily performed by the kidneys
Kidney Functions
- Filters blood to remove metabolic wastes, which are unusable chemicals produced by the body
- Regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance by conserving or excreting water, electrolytes, and bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
- Aids the liver in detoxification
- Makes glucose during starvation
- Produces erythropoietin, which regulates blood cell formation
Kidney Anatomy:
- Paired kidneys are retroperitoneal, located against the posterior body wall behind the peritoneal membranes
- Encased in three connective tissue layers:
- Renal fascia: Dense irregular connective tissue anchoring kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall and peritoneum
- Adipose capsule: Thick adipose tissue layer that wedges the kidneys in place
- Renal capsule: Thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue encasing each kidney
Hilum
- Bean-shaped kidneys have a medial indentation called the hilum
- The ureter, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit through it
Internal Regions
- Renal cortex: The superficial, dark brown region with many blood vessels serving nephrons (blood-filtering structures)
- Renal medulla: The middle region consists of triangular renal pyramids which are separated by renal columns (inward extensions of the renal cortex containing blood vessels)
- Pyramids contain nephron tubules and fluid-draining structures, giving them a striped appearance
- Renal papilla is the tip of a renal pyramid
- Renal pelvis: Innermost region and serves as a basin for collecting urine.
- Fluid from the renal papilla drains into minor calyces, which drain into major calyces
- Major calyces drain into the renal pelvis
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