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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Juxtaglomerular cells in the renal system?
What is the primary function of the Juxtaglomerular cells in the renal system?
Which component of the filtration barrier is considered the principal barrier?
Which component of the filtration barrier is considered the principal barrier?
What is the primary function of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?
What is the primary function of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for osmoreception regarding Na+ concentration?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for osmoreception regarding Na+ concentration?
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What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages, specifically the mucosa layer?
What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages, specifically the mucosa layer?
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What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
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Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the filtration process of the kidney?
Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the filtration process of the kidney?
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What type of epithelium lines the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?
What type of epithelium lines the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?
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Which part of the urinary system serves as a storage organ for urine?
Which part of the urinary system serves as a storage organ for urine?
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What type of tissue primarily makes up the renal corpuscle?
What type of tissue primarily makes up the renal corpuscle?
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Which hormone is secreted by the kidney and plays a role in blood pressure regulation?
Which hormone is secreted by the kidney and plays a role in blood pressure regulation?
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What component of the kidney is primarily responsible for urine concentration?
What component of the kidney is primarily responsible for urine concentration?
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Which layer of the kidney includes the renal corpuscles?
Which layer of the kidney includes the renal corpuscles?
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Study Notes
Urinary System Histology
- The urinary system is composed of paired kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Kidneys are bean-shaped retroperitoneal organs.
- Kidneys are formed of stroma and parenchyma.
- Stroma consists of: capsule (dense connective tissue surrounded by adipose tissue), renal interstitium (intertubular, extraglomerular, extravascular space), and minimal connective tissue between parenchymal elements.
- Parenchyma is the functional tissue, distinguished from connective tissue, and consists of outer cortex and inner medulla.
- The kidney contains one to four million nephrons, the basic functional units.
- Nephrons consist of renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a tubular component including the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule (DCT), leading to a collecting tubule.
- The glomerulus is a vascular ball (200 µm diameter), covered by Bowman's capsule.
- Bowman's capsule has a visceral layer (modified simple squamous epithelium - podocytes) and a parietal layer (lined by simple squamous epithelium).
- The filtration barrier separates blood inside glomerular capillaries from Bowman's space.
- The barrier components are fenestrated endothelial capillaries, a thick continuous basement membrane, and filtration slits covered with diaphragms.
- The renal corpuscle contains mesangial cells (stellate-shaped cells among glomerular capillaries) with structural support and phagocytic functions.
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus (located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle) is composed of macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and lacis cells.
- Macula densa is part of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) facing the glomerulus, serving as osmoreceptors sensitive to Na+ concentration.
- Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole wall, secreting renin to regulate blood pressure.
- Lacis cells (extraglomerular mesangial cells) are pale with pale nuclei.
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli (brush border).
- PCT function includes active reabsorption of glucose and amino acids, reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+, and water (H2O).
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) has a wide lumen and cuboidal cells, without brush borders.
- DCT function includes reabsorption of Na+, K+, and water (H2O) as regulated by aldosterone and ADH, and excretion of water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3)..
- Urinary passages include: calyces, pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra.
- Urinary passage layers include mucosa (transitional epithelium), muscular layer (detrusor muscle, smooth muscle fibers), and adventitia (loose connective tissue).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the histological structure of the urinary system. This quiz covers the anatomy of kidneys, nephrons, and the various tissues involved. Dive deep into the functional elements that contribute to renal physiology.
