Urinary System Flashcards 2

Questions and Answers

The innermost layer of the kidney is called the _____.

renal pelvis

The outermost layer of the kidney is called the ______.

renal cortex

Anything that will affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidney will affect urine _______.

chemistry

________ is made by the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary when blood pressure decreases or blood ionic concentration increases.

antidiuretic hormone; ADH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures drains into the collecting ducts?

distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Which steroid is secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase reabsorption of sodium ions?

aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the _______.

urethra Signup and view all the answers

Nephropathy is a term for kidney disease especially when there is damage to the nephron's ______ apparatus.

filtering Signup and view all the answers

Blood flows from the glomerulus into the _______ arteriole.

efferent Signup and view all the answers

The kidney are covered by a layer of connective tissue called the ________.

renal capsule Signup and view all the answers

Blood flows to the glomerulus via the _________ arteriole.

afferent Signup and view all the answers

Bowman's capsule, the renal membrane that surrounds the glomerulus, is called the ______.

glomerular capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

the right kidney is slightly higher than the left kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

all of the above are functions of the urinary system Signup and view all the answers

Urinary tract infections are often caused by _______ bacteria in the urinary tract.

fecal Signup and view all the answers

Even though this structure is part of the circulatory system, it is included in the discussion of the urinary system.

glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

The patient with diabetes insipidus will have copious amounts of _______ urine.

dilute Signup and view all the answers

The space inside the kidney is called the renal ____.

sinus Signup and view all the answers

Blood leaves the kidney is called the ______.

renal vein Signup and view all the answers

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia.

polycystic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

This hormone would tend to increase the amount of urine produced.

atrial natriuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

Substances that are reabsorbed or secreted in the ascending loop include ___________.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

This hormone would tend to decrease the amount of urine produced.

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

One of the most important risk factors for kidney disease is ________.

hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Painful urination, urinary frequency, nighttime urination, and foul smelling, cloudy urine are symptoms of ________.

urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

Kidney stones can be caused by any of the following except _____.

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic ________ is a type of kidney disease caused by diabetes mellitus.

nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

What are the three processes necessary for the formation of urine?

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion Signup and view all the answers

The glomerulus is protected from minor changes in blood pressure by a mechanism called _______.

autoregulation Signup and view all the answers

Urine leaves the kidney through the _____.

ureters Signup and view all the answers

It is uncommon for trauma patients to _______ a trauma.

survive Signup and view all the answers

______ moves fluid and chemicals into the nephron.

filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the renal tubular system reabsorbs or secretes the most substance?

proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

Frequent urination without pain of infection is a symptom of _______.

an overactive bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

All of the above are functions of the urinary system Signup and view all the answers

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called ______.

reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

The first section of the nephron loop glomerular filtrate encounters is the ___________.

descending loop Signup and view all the answers

PKD stands for _______ disease.

polycystic kidney Signup and view all the answers

________ is the inability to control urination.

urinary incontinence Signup and view all the answers

What are the vessels that lead to the glomeruli?

afferent arteries Signup and view all the answers

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia.

diabetic nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney releases a hormone _______.

that causes vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

nephron Signup and view all the answers

Copious, dilute urine is a symptom of ______.

diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

Even though this structure is part of the circulatory system, it is included in the discussion of the urinary system.

glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

New research has shown that urination is actually controlled by the __________.

pons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Anatomy and Function

Renal Pelvis: Innermost layer of the kidney.
Renal Cortex: Outermost layer of the kidney.
Urethra: Tube that carries urine out of the body.
Renal Capsule: Connective tissue covering the kidneys.
Sinus: Space inside the kidney.
Nephron: Functional unit of the kidney.

Urine Composition and Regulation

Urine Chemistry: Affected by reabsorption and secretion in the kidney.
Dilute Urine: A symptom of diabetes insipidus, resulting from urine production exceeding normal levels.
Urine Formation Processes: Includes filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Hormones and Urinary Function

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Secreted when blood pressure drops or blood ionic concentration rises, leading to decreased urine output.
Aldosterone: Released by adrenal cortex to increase sodium reabsorption, affecting water retention.
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone: Tends to increase urine production.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus: Releases a hormone that causes vasoconstriction, impacting blood pressure regulation.

Nephron Structure and Filtration

Glomerulus: A structure in the circulatory system involved in urine formation; filters blood into Bowman's capsule (glomerular capsule).
Afferent Arteriole: Brings blood to the glomerulus.
Efferent Arteriole: Carries blood away from the glomerulus.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule: First segment of the renal tubules where most reabsorption occurs.

Kidney Diseases and Conditions

Nephropathy: General term for kidney diseases affecting filtering apparatus, including diabetic nephropathy caused by chronic hyperglycemia.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Genetic condition characterized by the growth of cysts in the kidneys.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Often caused by fecal bacteria; characterized by painful urination and foul-smelling urine.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Frequent Urination: May indicate an overactive bladder, especially if not accompanied by pain.
Hypertension: A significant risk factor for developing kidney disease.
Kidney Stones: Culminated by factors excluding potassium.

Clinical Conditions

Urinary Incontinence: Inability to control urination.
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms: Include painful urination, frequent urination, and cloudy urine.

Additional Insights

Autoregulation: Mechanism that protects the glomerulus from minor blood pressure changes.
Descending Loop: First section of the nephron loop that glomerular filtrate encounters.

Miscellaneous

Nephron's Filtration Process: Filtration moves fluid and chemicals into the nephron.
Survival in Trauma: Uncommon for patients to survive significant kidney trauma.

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Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards. Learn about the layers of the kidney and the factors affecting urine chemistry. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or physiology.

Urinary System Flashcards 2

Questions and Answers

The innermost layer of the kidney is called the _____.

The outermost layer of the kidney is called the ______.

Anything that will affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidney will affect urine _______.

________ is made by the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary when blood pressure decreases or blood ionic concentration increases.

Which of the following structures drains into the collecting ducts?

Which steroid is secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase reabsorption of sodium ions?

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the _______.

Nephropathy is a term for kidney disease especially when there is damage to the nephron's ______ apparatus.

Blood flows from the glomerulus into the _______ arteriole.

The kidney are covered by a layer of connective tissue called the ________.

Blood flows to the glomerulus via the _________ arteriole.

Bowman's capsule, the renal membrane that surrounds the glomerulus, is called the ______.

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

Urinary tract infections are often caused by _______ bacteria in the urinary tract.

Even though this structure is part of the circulatory system, it is included in the discussion of the urinary system.

The patient with diabetes insipidus will have copious amounts of _______ urine.

The space inside the kidney is called the renal ____.

Blood leaves the kidney is called the ______.

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia.

This hormone would tend to increase the amount of urine produced.

Substances that are reabsorbed or secreted in the ascending loop include ___________.

This hormone would tend to decrease the amount of urine produced.

One of the most important risk factors for kidney disease is ________.

Painful urination, urinary frequency, nighttime urination, and foul smelling, cloudy urine are symptoms of ________.

Kidney stones can be caused by any of the following except _____.

Diabetic ________ is a type of kidney disease caused by diabetes mellitus.

What are the three processes necessary for the formation of urine?

The glomerulus is protected from minor changes in blood pressure by a mechanism called _______.

Urine leaves the kidney through the _____.

It is uncommon for trauma patients to _______ a trauma.

______ moves fluid and chemicals into the nephron.

Which part of the renal tubular system reabsorbs or secretes the most substance?

Frequent urination without pain of infection is a symptom of _______.

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called ______.

The first section of the nephron loop glomerular filtrate encounters is the ___________.

PKD stands for _______ disease.

________ is the inability to control urination.

What are the vessels that lead to the glomeruli?

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney releases a hormone _______.

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Copious, dilute urine is a symptom of ______.

Even though this structure is part of the circulatory system, it is included in the discussion of the urinary system.

New research has shown that urination is actually controlled by the __________.

Study Notes

Kidney Anatomy and Function

Urine Composition and Regulation

Hormones and Urinary Function

Nephron Structure and Filtration

Kidney Diseases and Conditions

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Clinical Conditions

Additional Insights

Miscellaneous

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Description

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