Urinary System Disorders and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?

  • To regulate blood sugar levels
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To remove metabolic wastes (correct)
  • To produce hormones
  • What hormone is involved in the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

  • Erythropoietin
  • Antidiuretic hormone (correct)
  • Atrial natriuretic hormone
  • Aldosterone
  • Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Activating vitamin D
  • Producing insulin (correct)
  • Removing hormones from the body
  • What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney?

    <p>Renal artery → segmental artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → interlobular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aldosterone in the kidneys?

    <p>Reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium or hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by the heart that reduces sodium and fluid reabsorption?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole on glomerular filtration?

    <p>Decreased glomerular pressure—decreased filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin mechanism in the kidneys?

    <p>To regulate blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to empty the bladder, which may be accompanied by overflow incontinence?

    <p>Retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal specific gravity range of urine?

    <p>1.010 to 1.050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of blood in the urine?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiologic tests in urinalysis?

    <p>To visualize structures and possible abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the involuntary urination that occurs in children over the age of 4?

    <p>Enuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Increased serum urea and creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

    <p>Idiopathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of urolithiasis?

    <p>Formation of stones in the kidneys and bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of stone formed in urolithiasis?

    <p>Calcium oxalate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of urolithiasis?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for renal cell carcinoma?

    <p>Removal of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Hypoalbuminemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clearance tests in assessing renal function?

    <p>To assess GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>Infection (peritonitis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>Equipment required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pyelonephritis that can lead to chronic renal failure if left untreated?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the inflammatory response in glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Increased capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Periorbital edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of renal cell carcinoma?

    <p>Dull, aching flank pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of bladder tumor?

    <p>Transitional cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predisposing factor for bladder cancer?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of nephrosclerosis on the kidney?

    <p>Reducing blood supply to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of polycystic kidney disease?

    <p>One or both kidneys have fluid-filled cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common tumor in children?

    <p>Wilms' tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of acute renal failure?

    <p>Acute bilateral kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>Low-level exposure to nephrotoxins over a sustained period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of Chronic Renal Failure does the patient experience decreased renal reserve and no apparent clinical symptoms?

    <p>Decreased renal reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is azotemia?

    <p>A condition in which you have too much nitrogen, creatinine, and other waste products in your blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of treatment for Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>To maintain homeostasis of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oliguria?

    <p>Decreased urinary output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anemia in the context of Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>A condition of low red blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of elevated blood pressure in Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>It is a common symptom of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dialysis in the treatment of Chronic Renal Failure?

    <p>To remove waste products from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is uremic frost?

    <p>Tiny yellow, white crystals on the skin due to severe azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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