22 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a component of urinalysis?
Electrolyte Levels
What is the primary purpose of assessing urinary frequency?
To assess overall renal function
Which of the following is a common cause of blockage in the urinary system?
All of the above
What is the typical volume that triggers the urge to urinate?
200 mls
What is the term for the sensation of a sudden, intense need to urinate?
Urgency
Why is it essential to gain informed consent prior to assessing the genitourinary system?
To respect patient autonomy
What is the primary purpose of urinalysis in renal assessment?
To determine the constituents of the urine and identify abnormalities
What type of catheter is typically used for mid-stream specimen collection?
Intermittent catheter
What is the primary purpose of a fluid balance chart?
To monitor fluid intake and output
What is a common indication of haematuria in urine analysis?
Cloudy appearance with red tint
What is the primary goal of fluid balance management?
To achieve a positive fluid balance
What is the significance of urobilinogen in urine analysis?
Indicates liver dysfunction
What is the primary purpose of considering the person and their context in renal assessment?
To collect cues and information for diagnosis
What is the primary component of urinalysis that indicates the presence of a urinary tract infection?
Nitrites
What is the primary function of the renal system in terms of electrolyte balance?
Maintenance of a delicate balance between sodium, potassium, and other essential electrolytes
Which of the following is NOT a component of urinalysis?
Hemoglobin level
What is the purpose of renal assessment in health assessment?
To monitor renal function and identify potential health problems
Which of the following urine collection methods is most suitable for collecting a clean-catch midstream urine sample?
Clean-catch midstream urine collection
What is the normal urinary bladder capacity in an adult?
500-800 ml
Which of the following is an interpretation of urine analysis?
Urine blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL indicates diabetes
What is the role of the renal system in fluid balance management?
Regulation of fluid volume and blood pressure
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the renal system?
Red blood cell maturation
Study Notes
Urinalysis
- Purpose: determine urine constituents and identify abnormalities
- Tests for: specific gravity, pH, leucocytes, microscopic blood, nitrites, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, protein, and glucose
- Urine colour and odour: indicators of hydration levels and haematuria
- Dark and cloudy urine: indicative of blood presence
- Frank blood in urine: test for blood
Fluid Balance Chart
- Records intake and output of food, fluid, vomitus, urine, wound drainage, and faecal output
- Must be accurate and up-to-date to inform ongoing management
- Aims to show a positive balance, with input exceeding output
- Insensible loss (breathing, sweating) is considered
Health Assessment
- Consider the person and their context: living situation, support, experience, and medical history
- Collect cues and information: subjective and objective data
- Analyse and categorise data, identifying potential health issues
Genitourinary System
- Consists of renal/urinary system and reproductive systems
- Includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs
Renal System Functions
- Fluid and volume regulation
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid-base regulation
- Removal of toxins
- Calcium and phosphate homeostasis
- Red blood cell maturation via erythropoietin (EPO)
Urinary Elimination
- Urinary bladder capacity: 15-50 ml at birth, 500-800 ml in adults
- Urge to urinate at approximately 200 ml
- Assessment of urination: frequency, volume, colour, odour, consistency, pain, and continence
- Specific gravity of urine is an important measurement
Problems with the Urinary System
- Mechanical injury (kidney): loin pain, infection, inflammation, blockage due to strictures, tumours, or renal calculi
- Iatrogenic injury in error
Assess your knowledge of urinary system assessment including frequency, volume, colour, odour, consistency, pain, and continence. Also, test your understanding of specific gravity and common problems with the urinary system.
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