Urinary System and Kidney Function

False (B)

The urethra cannot stay closed as pressure increases in the bladder because of increased abdominal pressure

<p>overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timed voiding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress incontinence = Weakness or injury to the urinary sphincter Overflow incontinence = Bladder outlet obstruction Altered mobility = Environmental barriers Incontinence interventions = Individualized toileting program</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging increased fluid intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>absorption, secretion, and elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cecum = The pouch at the beginning of the large intestine Ascending Colon = The part of the colon that travels upward Transverse Colon = The part of the colon that travels across the abdomen Descending Colon = The part of the colon that travels downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulk-forming foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes watery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>squatting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>accelerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.7 L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opioids = Constipation Antibiotics = Diarrhea Pregnancy = Hemorrhoids Surgery = Temporary cessation of peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low fluid intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>unrelieved constipation and is unable to expel the hardened feces retained in the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation = Infrequent bowel movements and hard, dry stools Diarrhea = Increase in the number of stools and passage of liquid, unformed feces Fecal Incontinence = Inability to control the passage of feces and gas Hemorrhoids = Dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thirst, less frequent urination than usual, dark-colored urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterile saline solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect themselves from contact with infectious materials, sharps injuries, and exposure to communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory tract = Droplets produced during coughing or sneezing Gastrointestinal (GI) tract = Contaminated food or water Skin and mucous membranes = Direct contact with infected lesions Blood = Needle stick injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated surgical equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing PPE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased basal metabolic rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5000-10000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>serum glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cell (WBC) count = Increased in acute infection, decreased in certain viral or overwhelming infections Erythrocyte sedimentation rate = Elevated in presence of inflammatory process Iron level = Decreased in chronic infection Cultures of urine and blood = Presence of infectious microorganism growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of infectious microorganism growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diseases of the immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thick liquid resulting from food digestion mixed with enzymes.

The part of the digestive system where most nutrient absorption occurs.

The first section of the small intestine, about 20-28 cm long, processing stomach fluid.

The middle section of the small intestine, about 2.5 m long, mainly absorbs carbs and proteins.

The last section of the small intestine, about 3.7 m long, absorbs water, fats, and bile salts.

The larger-diameter intestinal section for waste elimination, approximately 1.5 to 1.8 m long.

The colon's primary roles: absorption of water, secretion, and elimination of waste.

Wave-like muscle contractions that move contents through the digestive tract.

Barriers preventing access include sensory, cognitive, mobility, dexterity issues.

Involuntary urine loss due to an overdistended bladder, often from obstruction or weak contractions.

Includes distended bladder, high post void residual, frequency, and nocturia.

Individualized plans like timed voiding or catheterization based on retention severity.

Involuntary leakage due to increased abdominal pressure from activities, linked to pelvic floor weakness.

Small-volume urine loss during activities like coughing, laughing, or exercising.

Weakness or injury to urinary sphincter or pelvic floor leads to inability to control leakage.

Interventions focus on pelvic floor exercises and addressing underlying weaknesses.

Foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables that promote bowel health.

Recommended fluid intake is 3.7 L for men and 2.7 L for women per day.

Physical activity promotes peristalsis and helps prevent constipation.

Emotional stress can speed up digestion and increase peristalsis.

Squatting is the normal position; sitting aids elimination in bed.

Pain can cause individuals to suppress the urge to defecate, leading to constipation.

Certain medications like opioids can slow down peristalsis, causing constipation.

Regular use can lead to intestinal dependence on laxatives.

Preparation required to ensure an empty bowel for procedures.

Infrequent bowel movements, less than 3 per week, with hard stools.

Inability to expel hardened feces due to unrelieved constipation.

Increased stool frequency with liquid, unformed feces.

Symptoms include thirst, less urination, dark urine, fatigue.

Inability to control passage of feces and gas.

Dilated, engorged veins in the rectum, can be internal or external.

Gear used by health care workers to protect against infections.

The series of events allowing infection to spread.

Microorganisms like bacteria or viruses that can cause disease.

The habitat where pathogens live and reproduce.

The route through which a pathogen leaves its reservoir.

How pathogens spread from one host to another.

The way a pathogen enters a new host.

An individual lacking immunity to infections.

The body's reaction to emotional or physical stress through general adaptation syndrome.

The three-stage process of the body's response to stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

A laboratory test that indicates infection; normal range is 5000-10000/mm3.

A test measuring inflammation; normal values are up to 15 mm/hr for men and 20 mm/hr for women.

Normal iron levels in adults: 80-100 mcg/mL for men, 60-160 mcg/mL for women; decreased in chronic infection.

Tests done to check for infectious microorganism growth; normally sterile without growth indicates no infection.

Involves reviewing vaccinations, illnesses, medication history, and recent travel for potential infection risk.

Common signs to check include fever, pain during urination, cough, or wounds with drainage.