Urinary System Anatomy Quiz

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What is the main function of the kidneys?

Filter the blood (correct)

Transport urine to the bladder

Produce and store urine

Regulate blood pressure

Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Collecting duct

Renal artery

Ureter (correct)

Vasa recta

Where does blood enter the kidney from?

Renal vein

Renal artery

Inferior vena cava

Aorta (correct)

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron contains a bundle of capillaries called glomerulus?

Bowman’s capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Filter the blood to form filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus?

To increase blood pressure in the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basement membrane in the glomerulus?

To discourage filtration of small plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron merges into the renal pelvis?

Collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct regions of the nephron called?

Renal cortex and renal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior pituitary gland in the kidney?

Increases permeability of DCT and collecting duct to reabsorb more water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of AQP-1 water channels in the kidney?

Transport water into the descending limb of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which process sets up the vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid in the kidney?

Counter current multiplication in the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NKCC2 channel in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Transport 1x Na+, 1x Cl-, and 2x K+ out into the interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

How does the Na+/K+ pump contribute to sodium reabsorption in the PCT?

Creates a concentration gradient for Na+ in the interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of transepithelial transport in the PCT?

Reabsorb glucose, amino acids, and water Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key roles of vasopressin (ADH) in the kidney?

Insertion of AQP-2 channels into luminal membrane for water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycoproteins in relation to plasma proteins such as albumin?

Repel plasma proteins for filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for setting up a concentration gradient for water reabsorption?

Descending limb of loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is one key role played by vasa recta in maintaining osmotic gradient?

Creating a countercurrent exchange to maintain osmotic gradient Signup and view all the answers