Uricosuric Therapy and Probenecid Dosage

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What is the primary action of propranolol on the cardiovascular system?

Increased oxygen consumption by cardiac muscle

Increased peripheral vasodilation

Suppression of SA and AV node activity leading to bradycardia (correct)

Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

How does propranolol affect glucose metabolism?

Has no effect on glucose metabolism

Increases insulin secretion and glucose utilization

Decreases glucagon secretion and glycogenolysis, leading to hypoglycemia (correct)

Increases glucagon secretion and glycogenolysis

What is the primary mechanism by which propranolol causes peripheral vasoconstriction?

Decreased nitric oxide production

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Inhibition of beta-2 mediated vasodilation (correct)

Increased release of vasoconstrictive hormones

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of propranolol?

Bronchial asthma and COPD Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following conditions is propranolol used as a prophylactic treatment?

Migraine Signup and view all the answers

How does propranolol affect the action of epinephrine (adrenaline)?

Has no effect on the action of epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of probenecid for uricosuric therapy?

250 mg twice daily Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily dose of probenecid during uricosuric therapy?

2 g/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical initial dose of sulfinpyrazone for uricosuric therapy?

50 mg twice daily Signup and view all the answers

What are the major side effects associated with uricosuric therapy?

GI irritation and rash Signup and view all the answers

What does teriparatide do in anabolic therapy?

Improves bone mass and architecture Signup and view all the answers

For whom is teriparatide FDA approved?

Postmenopausal women and men at high fracture risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant effect of B-Norepinephrine on the cardiovascular system?

Increasing heart rate and systemic vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

Why is B-Norepinephrine considered less useful in asthma compared to epinephrine?

Its weak effect on beta receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can induce tachycardia if used before B-Norepinephrine?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of Norepinephrine?

Shock management Signup and view all the answers

Why is C-Isoproterenol rarely used in clinical practice?

Being nonselective in its action Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of C-Isoproterenol on the heart during emergency situations?

Stimulating both beta1 and beta2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of scopolamine?

It is a peripheral muscarinic antagonist with higher action on the central nervous system than atropine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of tropicamide and cyclopentolate?

They are used as eye solutions to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of nicotine?

It is a ganglionic blocker that initially stimulates and then paralyzes all ganglia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary use of ipratropium?

It is used as an inhaled bronchodilator to treat asthma and COPD. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the overdose treatment for the side effects mentioned?

Physostigmine is used to reverse the anticholinergic effects of the overdose. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary side effect of the substances mentioned in the text?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

They covalently bind to the serine -OH at the active site of acetylcholinesterase, permanently inactivating the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of pralidoxime in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning?

It displaces the phosphate group from the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase complex, regenerating the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which class of cholinergic antagonists selectively binds to muscarinic receptors?

Anti-muscarinics Signup and view all the answers

Which class of cholinergic antagonists is used during anesthesia to facilitate skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery?

Neuromuscular blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in glaucoma treatment is correct?

They are used in the chronic treatment of open-angle glaucoma as solutions, and their effects can last up to a week after a single use Signup and view all the answers