Urgenda Case: Dutch Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Questions and Answers

What was the original greenhouse gas emission reduction target set by the Dutch State?

  • 20%
  • 35%
  • 30% (correct)
  • 25%
  • What legal framework is at the center of the Urgenda case regarding the Dutch State's obligations?

  • Article 288 of the European Convention on Human Rights (correct)
  • Dutch Constitutional Law
  • International Environmental Treaties
  • European Union Law
  • What percentage reduction in greenhouse gas emissions did Urgenda argue was necessary?

  • 40%
  • 30%
  • 20%
  • 25% (correct)
  • What was the State's main argument against the court's involvement in emission reduction?

    <p>It violates the separation of powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is Urgenda Foundation primarily focused on?

    <p>Enforcing environmental treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the target for emission reduction set by the District Court in 2015?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court upheld the District Court's ruling in 2018?

    <p>Court of Appeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main argument did the Supreme Court dismiss regarding the state's emissions?

    <p>Emissions are too small to matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Supreme Court, what is each country's responsibility regarding global emissions?

    <p>To account for its share of global emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court clarify about the role of courts in relation to government policies?

    <p>Courts ensure compliance with human rights law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the legally mandated reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that the Dutch State was required to achieve by 2020?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization initiated a claim against the Dutch State to compel stronger climate action?

    <p>Urgenda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main arguments presented by the Dutch State in its defense against the Urgenda claim?

    <p>There is no legal basis for the reduction target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the landmark ruling in the Urgenda case establish regarding the role of courts?

    <p>Courts are responsible for upholding human rights in climate actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the target reduction percentage that Urgenda requested as a minimum necessary by climate science?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason courts can enforce legal obligations?

    <p>To prevent potential damages infringing on citizens' rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do courts play a role in addressing climate change?

    <p>By ensuring government accountability for human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical aspects might be relevant to constitutional law discussions?

    <p>Rawls and Kelsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'judicial oversight' refer to in this context?

    <p>The courts' ability to monitor government actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason courts might issue orders?

    <p>To mitigate future infringements on rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle requires the State to prioritize safety and minimize risks amid uncertainty?

    <p>Precautionary principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was criticized regarding the State's 2020 emissions reduction target?

    <p>The target was reduced from 30% to 20% without sufficient justification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion did the Court of Appeal reach about postponing action on emissions reductions?

    <p>It increases long-term costs and risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required from States if they choose not to act on policies concerning emissions reductions?

    <p>They must clearly justify their inaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ECHR rights and international norms according to the findings?

    <p>They should be interpreted harmoniously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does judicial oversight ensure regarding a state's obligations?

    <p>It requires courts to establish clear standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of judicial restraint in the context of climate policy?

    <p>Intervention occurs only when there is clear scientific consensus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the authority of the lower courts?

    <p>The Supreme Court upheld the court's authority to issue the order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What argument did the State present regarding the courts' decision to order emission reductions?

    <p>It overstepped the judicial boundaries into legislative matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the legal costs ordered to be covered by the State for Urgenda?

    <p>$882 and $2,200 in fees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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