Ureteral Compression Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of urinary bladder calculi can move freely within the bladder?

  • Both A and B
  • Calcification outside the bladder
  • Calculi within the bladder (correct)
  • Prostatic calculi

    • Which projections can be taken to show change in the relative position of calculi and bladder?

  • Both A and C
  • Antero-posterior and oblique projections (correct)
  • Lateral projections
  • Caudal projections

    • What is required for projecting the symphysis below the bladder?

  • Lateral projections
  • None of the above
  • Antero-posterior and oblique projections
  • Caudal angulation (correct)

    • Which structure can be visualized in a plain radiography of the abdominal and pelvic cavity?

    <p>The kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen in the urinary tract through plain radiography?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected through plain radiography in the region of the bladder?

    <p>Opaque stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of visualizing the lateral border of the psoas muscle in a plain radiography of the abdominal and pelvic cavity?

    <p>To identify possible masses in the retroperitoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the immobilization band applied to the patient's abdomen during X-ray imaging?

    <p>To keep the patient's abdomen still</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the center of the cassette positioned during X-ray imaging of the abdomen?

    <p>At the level of the low costal margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the exposure made during X-ray imaging of the abdomen?

    <p>After full exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collimation of the X-ray beam during imaging of the abdomen?

    <p>To just within the margins of the cassette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position of the patient during X-ray imaging of the abdomen?

    <p>Lying on their back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended diet for a patient prior to a renal tract examination?

    <p>Low-residue diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in the case of emergency radiography?

    <p>No bowel preparation is possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size for the cassette used in antero-posterior imaging of the renal tract?

    <p>35*43 cm cassette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the center of the cassette be located during antero-posterior imaging of the renal tract?

    <p>1 cm below the line joining the iliac crests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient wear during the renal tract examination?

    <p>A gown provided by the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cystoscope in retrograde intrarenal surgery?

    <p>To localize the opening for the passage of a catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between antegrade and retrograde intrarenal surgery?

    <p>The direction of the contrast media introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of percutaneous antegrade urography?

    <p>To introduce contrast media directly to the renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidney in retrograde intrarenal surgery?

    <p>The function cannot be assessed in this type of surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for weight mentioned in the text?

    <p>Kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended temperature for storing the substance mentioned in the text?

    <p>5-10°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'MSP' mentioned in the text?

    <p>To store substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended humidity level for storing the substance mentioned in the text?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual method for examining the lower urinary system?

    <p>Retrograde urography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients with multiple myeloma, diabetes, and high uric acid levels not experience during a procedure?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended preparation for a urography procedure?

    <p>Possible laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contrast agent used for urography procedures?

    <p>Ionic Iodinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cystourethrogram?

    <p>To examine the bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the right posterior oblique projection show?

    <p>The right kidney and collecting system in profile and the left kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the left posterior oblique projection show?

    <p>The presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to confirm the presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract?

    <p>The lateral projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lateral projection confirm?

    <p>The presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seen superimposed on the AP projection?

    <p>The presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended radiation protection for females if the bladder and lower ureters are not included in the image?

    <p>A lead-rubber sheet should cover the entire abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended radiation protection for males if the whole renal tract, including the bladder, is to be visualized?

    <p>No protection is necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy rule when it comes to radiation protection?

    <p>Permission must be given in case of emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the image showing?

    <p>A left lower pole renal calculus and a calculus in the upper right ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for protecting the ears during a radiological procedure?

    <p>Radiation should be avoided completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of caudal angulation for the antero-posterior projection of the bladder?

    <p>15 degrees caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the cassette commonly used for the antero-posterior projection of the bladder?

    <p>18 * 24 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of rotation for the oblique projection of the bladder?

    <p>35 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the cassette commonly used for the oblique projection of the bladder?

    <p>12 * 18 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the patient for the antero-posterior projection of the bladder?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the patient's knee for the oblique projection of the bladder?

    <p>Flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of compression in urography?

    <p>To immobilize the ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is compression contraindicated in urography?

    <p>Abdominal mass or aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be shielded during urography for women?

    <p>Pelvis only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be caught on plain radiography during urography?

    <p>Extrarenal pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for on plain radiography during urography?

    <p>Exposure factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative method for intravenous pyelography mentioned in the text?

    <p>Retrograde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the vertical central (Basic) ray in the radiographic investigation of the renal collecting system?

    <p>Directed to a point 2.5 cm above the symphysis pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caudal angulation required for the alternative method of intravenous pyelography?

    <p>15 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of intravenous pyelography?

    <p>To investigate the renal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the cassette displacement required for the alternative method of intravenous pyelography?

    <p>Displaced downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the procedure described in the text?

    <p>To diagnose tumors and abnormalities in the urinary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should the patient be in during the procedure?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much contrast medium should be injected for adults?

    <p>30-100 cc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for the contrast medium to reach the pelvicalaceal system?

    <p>2-8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before injecting the contrast medium?

    <p>The post-injection film should be in the cassette tray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Trendelenburg position during imaging?

    <p>To visualize the viscal ureteral orphis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended degree of caudal angle for imaging the bladder neck and proximal urethra?

    <p>5 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended degree of caudal angle for imaging the prostate gland above the symphisis pubis?

    <p>20-25 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended degree of caudal angle for imaging lordosis abnormalities?

    <p>20 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for imaging the bladder?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended view for IVU imaging?

    <p>Supine AP from 3-20 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the last views in IVU imaging?

    <p>To check the residual urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended post-procedure care for IVU imaging?

    <p>Ask the patient to take extra fluids to flush the contrast from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nephrogram immediately after contrast injection?

    <p>To visualize the renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the compression phase during IVU imaging?

    <p>To visualize the upper ureters and pelvicalaceal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the AP Oblique D view in the imaging of the urinary system?

    <p>To visualize the bladder walls and base of the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Lateral view in the imaging of the urinary system?

    <p>To visualize the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is used to visualize the proximal part of the urethra filled with contrast material?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is used to visualize the distal end of the ureters and the bladder in a young female?

    <p>RPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

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