Urea Cycle Regulation
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Questions and Answers

In which clinical condition is ammonia level within normal range, while urea level increases in the blood?

  • Hyperammonemia
  • Hepatic failure
  • Renal failure (correct)
  • Portal hypertension

What is the consequence of ammonia accumulation in the brain on the TCA cycle?

  • Stimulation of the urea cycle
  • Debilitation of energy production (correct)
  • Increase in energy production
  • No effect on energy production

What is the role of glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme in the brain?

  • Regulating the urea cycle
  • Activating N-acetyl glutamate
  • Converting glutamate to α-ketoglutarate acid
  • Reacting ammonia with α-ketoglutarate acid to form glutamate (correct)

What is the consequence of collateral circulation in liver cirrhosis?

<p>Ammonia entry into systemic circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

<p>TCA cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where ammonia is converted into non-toxic urea?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme requires N-acetyl glutamate as an activator in the urea cycle?

<p>Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate product of the reaction between CO2 and ammonia in the urea cycle?

<p>Carbamoyl phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle that is allosterically activated by N-acetyl glutamate?

<p>Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hyperammonemia?

<p>Deficiency in carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of CO2 needed for the first step of the urea cycle?

<p>Citric acid cycle (TCA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the TCA cycle intermediate produced in the urea cycle after the deamination of glutamate?

<p>a-Ketoglutarate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a defect in the ornithine transporter in the urea cycle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are required for the first step of the urea cycle, catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthase I?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of N-acetyl glutamate in the urea cycle?

<p>Allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of liver cell dysfunction on the urea cycle?

<p>Acquired hyperammonemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the urea cycle and the TCA cycle?

<p>The TCA cycle produces CO2 and oxaloacetate for the urea cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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