Urban Planning in Colonial India

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of the first City Improvement Trust (CIT) established in Bombay in 1898?

To reclaim land for urban expansion.

To improve housing and sanitation conditions in slums. (correct)

To enhance the city's commercial power.

To create new streets and housing for low-income residents.

Which of the following cities did NOT have a City Improvement Trust established in the early 20th century?

Delhi

Lucknow

Mysore

Madras (correct)

What is the significance of the "eminent domain" power granted to the Bombay Improvement Trust?

The right to control the development of new infrastructure.

The authority to regulate land usage within the city.

The power to impose taxes on property owners.

The ability to acquire private property for public use. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a step in the preparation of a Local Area Plan (LAP)?

Conducting a feasibility study of the area (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of a Local Area Plan (LAP)?

To encourage redevelopment and regeneration of inner-city areas. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration for delineating the boundaries of a LAP?

The presence of historical or cultural sites (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the City Improvement Trusts established in colonial India aim to enhance the image of the cities they were operating in?

By emphasizing their role as centers of imperial and commercial power. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a City Improvement Trust and a Local Area Plan?

CITs were established in colonial India, while LAPs are a modern planning mechanism. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the State Government in the implementation of a LAP?

To approve or reject the proposed plan. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the surveys of man-made physical features for a Local Area Plan (LAP)?

Contours (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of preparing a Base Map for a Local Area Plan?

To provide a visual representation of the delineated LAP area. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of publishing the Delineated LAP Boundary?

To indicate the authority's intent to prepare a LAP for that area. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the analysis of existing land ownership an important part of the Existing Situation Assessment for a LAP?

To understand the current land use and ownership patterns in the area. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of Planning and Design of a LAP?

Analysis of environmental features. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of LAP preparation, what is meant by "Identifying Purpose and Vision for LAP"?

Defining the specific objectives and goals for the development of the LAP area. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing a Schematic Layout in the context of a LAP?

To create a preliminary visual representation of the planned layout of the LAP area. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of including Guidelines for Providing Physical Infrastructure in a LAP?

To ensure the adequate provision of essential facilities and services in the LAP area. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component of a Local Area Plan?

Land Records (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of including Guidelines for Integrating Informal Activities in a LAP?

To integrate informal activities into the LAP area to acknowledge their importance and ensure their continued presence. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of local area plans in Ireland?

To provide detailed planning policies for areas anticipating significant development (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does public participation play in the local area plan process in Ireland?

It is crucial for ensuring democratic oversight and quality outcomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statutory provision introduced local area plans in Ireland?

The Planning and Development Act 2000 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential goals of local area plans in Ireland concerning environmental qualities?

To protect environmental qualities including biodiversity (B) Signup and view all the answers

As of 2013, how many local area plans had been prepared in Ireland?

More than 350 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of Local Area Plans is specifically designed to address the issue of congestion and decay in older urban areas?

LAP for Urban Regeneration of Developed Areas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of the Local Area Plan process?

Consultation with stakeholders and plot owners. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the LAP mechanism considered a micro-level planning tool?

Because it operates at a local level, implementing the larger vision of the Development Plan (DP). (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern that the text highlights about existing Development Plan (DP) & Town Planning Scheme (TP Scheme) mechanisms?

They don't adequately address the needs of aging inner city areas. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT specifically mentioned as a type of Local Area Plan?

LAP for Sustainable Urban Development (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for developing a Local Area Plan?

To improve and regenerate existing urban areas. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when determining the purpose of a Local Area Plan (LAP)?

Walkable distances from public transit (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least relevant when delineating the boundaries of a LAP?

Presence of shopping centers within the vicinity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of considering the number of properties when delineating a LAP?

To ensure manageable consideration of suggestions and objections (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of surveys are essential for preparing the base map for a Local Area Plan?

Physical features surveys (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might it be necessary to include areas under multiple TP schemes in a single LAP delineation?

To meet the purpose and vision of the LAP (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these physical features would NOT help delineate the limits of a LAP?

Local community centers (D) Signup and view all the answers

When delineating LAP boundaries, which administrative boundaries should be considered?

Ward boundaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which survey method is NOT mentioned as a traditional or newer method for physical features surveys?

GPS mapping (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can zoning boundaries affect the LAP delineation process?

They should align with LAP boundaries as much as possible. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of neighborhood areas is a consideration for LAP delineation?

Type of existing development (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Local Area Plan (LAP) for MPSC Exam

LAP is a statutory planning mechanism to improve existing developed areas.
It's used for improving, retrofitting, and solving issues in existing areas.
LAP provides detailed planning proposals and policies for areas anticipated for substantial redevelopment.
The mechanism allows cities and urban authorities to replan, revive, and regenerate existing inner city areas.
LAP is a micro-level planning tool to implement the larger vision embedded in the Development Plan (DP) for specific areas.

Syllabus for Local Area Plan

Concept: Understanding the fundamentals of LAP.
Objectives: Learning the goals and aims of LAP.
Delineation of LAP boundary: Learning the process of defining the LAP boundary.
Methodology of preparation: Understanding the steps involved in preparing a LAP.
Case studies in India: Examining real-world examples in India.
Provisions in UDCPR: Studying relevant provisions in the Urban Development Cess and Planning Regulations.

What is Local Area Plan?

LAP is a statutory planning mechanism to improve and enhance existing developed areas.
It aims to address issues and solve problems in existing areas, like improved infrastructure and provisions.

Types of Local Area Plans

LAP for Urban Regeneration of Developed Areas
LAP for Transit Oriented Development
LAP for Improving Urban Areas with Heritage Value
LAP for Improving Areas with Informal Settlements
LAP for Special Development Areas (e.g., areas for religious or healthcare tourism)

Why LAP Mechanism?

Rapid urbanization over the past few decades has led to significant migration to urban areas.
Existing DP-TP Scheme mainly focuses on greenfield areas.
Older inner-city areas and suburbs have often been neglected, leading to congestion and deterioration.
LAP addresses the need for improvement and revitalization of these inner city areas.

Understanding the History of LAP Mechanism

The concept of improving existing urban areas dates back to the early stages of urbanization in India.
City Improvement Trusts (CITs) were established to address issues related to housing and sanitation.
The Bombay Improvement Trust aimed to address poor housing and sanitation issues in slums and tenements.
Multiple city improvement trusts were established in various provinces of colonial India.

Steps in Preparing a LAP

Study of the area: Understanding the existing conditions.
Delineation of boundary for the LAP: Defining the specific area for the plan.
Publication of Delineated boundary: Making the boundaries public
Contents of LAP: The essential details of the LAP
Publication of Draft LAP: Public announcement of initial plan proposals
Meeting of Owners: Public consultation with landowners.
Submission of Draft LAP to State Government: Submission of complete plan details.
State Government to sanction or refuse LAP: Approval or rejection by the Government.
Surrender of Land under public domain: (if necessary)
Implementation of LAP: Putting the plan into action.

Consideration for Delineating LAP Boundaries

Purpose of LAP: Understanding the intended use of the LAP.
Zone Boundaries (as identified in the DP): Following existing zoning rules to align with the broader development plan.
TPS boundaries: Considering existing Transportation Plan Scheme boundaries for a smooth integration.

Components of LAP Maps

Base map: Showing existing plots, buildings, structures, ground level details.
Land use and building use maps: Showing land use on plots and their current uses.
Revised street network: Identifying new streets and improvements.
Urban Design and Regulations Maps: Representing regulations, permissions, and building footprints.
Green & Open Space Network Map: Detailing existing and planned green spaces, water bodies, and contours.
Infrastructure Map: Depicting existing and planned infrastructure.

Publishing, Modifying and Submitting LAP

Meetings of affected persons: Conducting public meetings to collect suggestions, and address concerns.
Objections and suggestions: Taking into account objections to the Plan, and revising to address objections.
Publishing LAP in Gazette: Formal publication to inform the public of the final LAP plan
Considering objection & suggestions, Modifications and: Refine the LAP further based on feedback and needs.
Submitting the LAP to State Government: A formal submission for final approval and sanction.
Sanctioning of LAP by State Government: Formal approval of the proposed plan for implementation.

Case Studies for Local Area Plans

Ireland: Understanding Local Area Plans practices in Ireland.
Bhutan: Understanding Local Area Plans practices in Bhutan.
Maharashtra: Understanding Local Area Plans practices in Maharashtra, along with relevant legal specifications.
Delhi: Understanding Local Area Plans practices in Delhi, and the need for these plans.

LAP in Gujarat

Until recent years, LAP has largely focused on green-field development.
The need for LAPs is to rejuvenate and revitalize existing inner-city areas.
Relevant Gujarat-specific act provisions are mentioned.

Provision in UDCPR

Description of what a Local Area Plan in UDCPR is

Planning and Design of LAP

Understanding the planning process and procedures for creating the LAP design
Stakeholder consultation
Purpose and vision of LAP
Schematic layout
Assessment of urban areas
Various guidelines for planning streets and parking areas

Development of Bandra Kurla Complex

A case study on the transformation of the Bandra Kurla area for further development and commercial activities.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the City Improvement Trusts established in colonial India and their impact on urban planning. Discover the roles and objectives of Local Area Plans and explore the significance of eminent domain in city development. This quiz navigates through various aspects of urban improvement initiatives in historical contexts.