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Questions and Answers
What is one of the parameters used to define a subcatchment in combined sewer systems?
What is one of the parameters used to define a subcatchment in combined sewer systems?
Which type of pipes is newer in the drainage system described?
Which type of pipes is newer in the drainage system described?
What is the average slope range for the pipes mentioned in the content?
What is the average slope range for the pipes mentioned in the content?
How was the width of the subcatchments calculated?
How was the width of the subcatchments calculated?
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Which model is used for dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation?
Which model is used for dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation?
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What parameter range was determined using appropriate tools in ArcGIS?
What parameter range was determined using appropriate tools in ArcGIS?
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What depth range do egg-shaped pipes fall within in the drainage system?
What depth range do egg-shaped pipes fall within in the drainage system?
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Which parameter indicates the percentage of the land that does not absorb water?
Which parameter indicates the percentage of the land that does not absorb water?
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What is the primary advantage of using 1D-2D coupled models over 1D-1D models?
What is the primary advantage of using 1D-2D coupled models over 1D-1D models?
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Which tools are used in the 1D-2D modeling approach for urban flooding?
Which tools are used in the 1D-2D modeling approach for urban flooding?
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In the 1D-1D modeling approach, which system is combined with the sewer system?
In the 1D-1D modeling approach, which system is combined with the sewer system?
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What is one limitation of using the 1D-1D model for urban drainage?
What is one limitation of using the 1D-1D model for urban drainage?
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Which area was targeted for the assessment of urban flooding in this study?
Which area was targeted for the assessment of urban flooding in this study?
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What is the basis for the 1D-2D coupled models?
What is the basis for the 1D-2D coupled models?
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What challenge is faced due to the ungauged nature of the site?
What challenge is faced due to the ungauged nature of the site?
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Which system's interactions are important when modeling urban drainage networks?
Which system's interactions are important when modeling urban drainage networks?
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What method was selected for hydrologic calculations in each subcatchment?
What method was selected for hydrologic calculations in each subcatchment?
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For which return periods were the volumes calculated using the 1D-2D model?
For which return periods were the volumes calculated using the 1D-2D model?
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Which loss model was chosen in the study?
Which loss model was chosen in the study?
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What engine does the 1D-1D model use for hydraulic computations?
What engine does the 1D-1D model use for hydraulic computations?
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What was simulated with the orifice equation in the 1D-2D model?
What was simulated with the orifice equation in the 1D-2D model?
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What was the maximum depth of water in the surface network according to the 1D-1D model simulations?
What was the maximum depth of water in the surface network according to the 1D-1D model simulations?
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What is the primary reason for differences in flow between the two models?
What is the primary reason for differences in flow between the two models?
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Which of the following describes the grid cell configuration used in the 2D model?
Which of the following describes the grid cell configuration used in the 2D model?
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What is the range of Manning's N for impervious areas?
What is the range of Manning's N for impervious areas?
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What does Dstore represent in relation to impervious areas?
What does Dstore represent in relation to impervious areas?
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What is the range for the percentage of impervious area represented by %Imperv?
What is the range for the percentage of impervious area represented by %Imperv?
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What key advantage does MIKE URBAN have over SWMM5?
What key advantage does MIKE URBAN have over SWMM5?
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What is the value range for the Curve Number (CN)?
What is the value range for the Curve Number (CN)?
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The width of subcatchments can range from which values?
The width of subcatchments can range from which values?
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What does the term '1D-1D model' refer to in MIKE URBAN?
What does the term '1D-1D model' refer to in MIKE URBAN?
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What is the significance of the IDF curve in the context of MIKE URBAN simulations?
What is the significance of the IDF curve in the context of MIKE URBAN simulations?
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What is the main purpose of comparing the 1D-1D urban flood model with the 1D-2D model?
What is the main purpose of comparing the 1D-1D urban flood model with the 1D-2D model?
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Which model was found to be faster in the simulations?
Which model was found to be faster in the simulations?
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What is a limitation of the 1D-1D model in flood simulations?
What is a limitation of the 1D-1D model in flood simulations?
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What was one of the objectives of the sensitivity analysis in the 1D-2D model?
What was one of the objectives of the sensitivity analysis in the 1D-2D model?
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Which factor was considered for simulation regarding rainfall in the study?
Which factor was considered for simulation regarding rainfall in the study?
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What kind of model was used in the comparison for simulating urban flooding?
What kind of model was used in the comparison for simulating urban flooding?
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Who provided the software and free licenses for the MIKE models used in the study?
Who provided the software and free licenses for the MIKE models used in the study?
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What is one element that could affect the simulation accuracy in 1D-2D modeling?
What is one element that could affect the simulation accuracy in 1D-2D modeling?
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What is the primary focus of the proceedings from the symposium held in Reykjavik?
What is the primary focus of the proceedings from the symposium held in Reykjavik?
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Which modeling package is associated with flood risk assessment in the provided content?
Which modeling package is associated with flood risk assessment in the provided content?
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Which publication provides a user guide for MIKE FLOOD 1D-2D Modelling?
Which publication provides a user guide for MIKE FLOOD 1D-2D Modelling?
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What methodology was described by Tsakiris (2013) in the context of urban flood management?
What methodology was described by Tsakiris (2013) in the context of urban flood management?
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What does the acronym SWMM stand for in relation to urban stormwater management?
What does the acronym SWMM stand for in relation to urban stormwater management?
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Which study evaluated inundation risks in urban drainage systems?
Which study evaluated inundation risks in urban drainage systems?
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What is the purpose of the desktop review mentioned in the content?
What is the purpose of the desktop review mentioned in the content?
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What type of environment is specifically addressed by Pistrika et al. (2014) in their study?
What type of environment is specifically addressed by Pistrika et al. (2014) in their study?
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Study Notes
Urban Flood Models
- Comparing 1D-1D and 1D-2D models for urban flooding assessment is the study's focus
- The study uses a small urban catchment in Athens, Greece (Ano Patisia, Kypseli) as a case study
- 1D-1D approach combines sewer and surface systems using SWMM, a model simulating flow in both systems as a set of links and nodes (1D Shallow Water Equations - 1D-SWE)
- 1D-2D approach couples surface and sewer systems using MIKE URBAN and MIKE FLOOD, solving 2D-SWE for the surface system and 1D-SWE for the sewer system
- Results highlight the importance of considering sewer and surface interaction in urban drainage models
- 1D-2D models are better for simulating flood extent and inundation, overcoming limitations of 1D-1D models
Case Study Details
- The study area (Ano Patisia, Kypseli) is a highly urbanized and impervious area with an area of 89 hectares.
- Catchment comprises 112 nodes and 79 combined sewer pipes with a total length of about 5 km.
- Drainage system includes both circular (newest) and egg-shaped (older) pipes.
- Pipe slopes range from 0.6% to 10.8% (average 3%)
Modelling Methods
- SWMM (Storm Water Management Model): Dynamic Wave (DW) model for hydraulic calculations, Curve Number (CN) method for infiltration.
- Key SWMM parameters: subcatchment area, width, slope, imperviousness percentage, Manning's 'n', and depression storage
- MIKE URBAN-MIKE FLOOD: MIKE URBAN uses 1D-SWE (MOUSE/MIKE11) for pipe flow, SWMM functionality, GIS integration, 2D simulation capability via coupling with MIKE FLOOD. MIKE FLOOD uses structured grid (2D-SWE), coupled with MIKE URBAN to simulate combined drainage system interactions. An orifice equation is used to model flow exchange between 1D and 2D models.
- Kinematic Wave method and Horton's equation are selected for hydrologic and loss calculations.
- Simulation parameters: Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, 1-hour duration rainfall events for 10 and 25-year return periods
Results and Discussion
- 1D-1D and 1D-2D models produce similar runoff volumes, but differences exist in sewer flows.
- The 1D-1D model is potentially faster compared to the 1D-2D model
- 1D-2D model accurately predicts flood extent and inundation.
- 1D-2D model simulations calculate water depth and flow velocity at locations
- 1D-1D model overestimates surface water flow, especially when sewer capacity is exceeded; it doesn't model overflow from manholes accurately, as this is often an artifact of the way the model calculates water surface profiles in open channels.
Conclusions and Recommendations
- 1D-2D models are better for predicting flood extents and inundation compared to 1D-1D models, despite being slower to run
- Further research suggests incorporating rainfall-runoff monitoring, sensitivity analysis for 1D-2D models, and improved representation of structures like buildings.
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Description
Explore the comparison between 1D-1D and 1D-2D models for urban flood assessment, focusing on a case study in Ano Patisia, Athens. Understand how these models integrate sewer and surface systems to analyze flooding dynamics and inundation extent in a highly urbanized area.
