UPSC Prelims Modern History PYQs 2023-2022

The Charter Act of 1833 officially unified the administration of British India under one Governor General, replacing the previous system of separate presidencies.

The Ghadar Party, an organization primarily of Indian immigrants in North America, aimed to overthrow British rule in India. They advocated for armed rebellion and sought to inspire a revolution.

The Cripps Mission, an attempt to negotiate a post-war political structure for India, proposed that after the war, India would become a dominion with a constituent assembly. Provinces could choose to join this federation or negotiate individual agreements with Britain.

The Dutch East India Company, following the Portuguese example, established trading posts on the eastern coast of India. They gained land grants and privileges from the Gajapati rulers of Odisha, leveraging their powerful navy to trade and influence regionally.

The English East India Company secured a foothold in Madras, a strategic port city in the south, through a land grant from the representatives of the weakening Vijayanagara empire. This location served as an important trading hub and administrative center.

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, although introducing limited political reforms, did not address women's suffrage. While they provided for a gradual expansion of legislative councils, they did not include universal suffrage for women.

The Government of India Act 1935 introduced reserved seats for women in the Indian legislature. While this step acknowledged the need to include women's voices, it was a token gesture compared to full political participation.

Gandhiji's 'Songs from Prison', a collection of ancient Indian religious lyrics translated by him into English, reflects his deep spiritual convictions and his commitment to promoting the rich cultural heritage of India.

The Quit India Movement, a crucial phase in India's independence struggle, was launched through the adoption of the

The All India Congress Committee (AICC) on 8th August 1942 passed the Quit India Resolution, a decisive step in the independence movement. This resolution called for the British to immediately leave India, marking a significant shift in the struggle for independence.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a social reformer and educationist, played a crucial role in promoting female education. He served as Secretary of the Hindu Female School, which later became the Bethune Female School, a prominent institution for women's education.

The Indian National Army (INA) played a key role in the independence struggle. Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were prominent figures in the INA, demonstrating the role of Indian soldiers in challenging colonial rule.