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Questions and Answers
What was the requirement for farmers to be entitled to remission on land revenue?
What was the requirement for farmers to be entitled to remission on land revenue?
How did Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel contribute to the farmers' protests?
How did Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel contribute to the farmers' protests?
What tactic did Gandhi employ for the first time during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?
What tactic did Gandhi employ for the first time during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?
What was the outcome of the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?
What was the outcome of the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?
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Which group of people did Gandhi successfully involve in the protests unlike previous movements?
Which group of people did Gandhi successfully involve in the protests unlike previous movements?
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What was the primary reason for Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran Satyagraha?
What was the primary reason for Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran Satyagraha?
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What system forced farmers to grow indigo under British planters in Champaran?
What system forced farmers to grow indigo under British planters in Champaran?
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How did the government respond to Gandhi's protests in Champaran?
How did the government respond to Gandhi's protests in Champaran?
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What nickname was given to Gandhi by the people during the Champaran movement?
What nickname was given to Gandhi by the people during the Champaran movement?
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What was a significant outcome of the Champaran Satyagraha for the farmers?
What was a significant outcome of the Champaran Satyagraha for the farmers?
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What major event in Gandhi's life occurred upon his return to India in 1915?
What major event in Gandhi's life occurred upon his return to India in 1915?
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In which year did the Kheda Satyagraha take place?
In which year did the Kheda Satyagraha take place?
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What was the primary cause of hardship for the farmers in Kheda during the 1918 Satyagraha?
What was the primary cause of hardship for the farmers in Kheda during the 1918 Satyagraha?
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Study Notes
Mahatma Gandhi's Early Movements
- M K Gandhi returned to India in 1915 after 20 years in South Africa, where he led peaceful agitations against discrimination.
- He developed the concept of Satyagraha in South Africa, which he first applied in India at Champaran in Bihar.
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
- Marked Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in the Indian freedom struggle.
- Initiated by Rajkumar Shukla, an indigo cultivator, requesting Gandhi's help regarding farmer conditions.
- Farmers were burdened with heavy taxes and forced to grow indigo under the exploitative tinkathia system.
- Gandhi's entry to Champaran was initially denied by British authorities, but he refused to leave.
- Significant local support emerged for Gandhi, with around 2000 locals accompanying him when he appeared in court.
- The case against Gandhi was dropped, allowing him to conduct an inquiry.
- Peaceful protests led to the abolition of the tinkathia system and compensation for the farmers.
- This struggle showcased Gandhi's first application of Satyagraha and earned him titles ‘Bapu’ and ‘Mahatma’ from the public.
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
- Kheda district faced crop failures due to droughts, impacting farmers' livelihoods.
- Law entitled farmers to land revenue remission if produce was below a quarter of normal output, but the government denied any concessions.
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led the peaceful protest against tax collection under Gandhi's guidance.
- The movement drew support from various castes and ethnic groups, showcasing a unified front.
- Despite opposition, including arrests and property confiscation, protesters remained non-violent.
- Authorities ultimately conceded to the farmers’ demands, granting necessary concessions.
Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
- Gandhi employed Satyagraha and hunger strikes in an industrial dispute between mill owners and workers.
- The mill owners intended to withdraw a plague bonus, while workers demanded a 35% wage increase.
- Gandhi's peaceful leadership included a hunger strike, demonstrating solidarity with the workers.
- The strike ended successfully, with workers receiving the wage hike they demanded.
Impact of Early Movements
- Gandhi's early movements involved mass participation from farmers, artisans, and lower castes.
- This approach represented a significant shift from earlier movements, which primarily engaged upper and middle classes.
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Description
This quiz covers Mahatma Gandhi's early movements, specifically the Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill Strike, and Kheda Satyagraha. These events are pivotal in understanding Gandhi's role in the Indian Independence struggle and are essential for IAS Exam preparation. Test your knowledge on these significant historical movements with these NCERT notes.
