UPSC CSE 2025 Geography - Geomorphology
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Questions and Answers

What key observation provides evidence for the expansion of the universe, as described by Hubble's Law?

  • The redshift of light from distant galaxies, indicating they are moving away from us. (correct)
  • The concentration of cosmic microwave background emissions in certain regions of space.
  • The uniform distribution of gas clouds throughout the observable universe.
  • The detection of dark matter concentrations within elliptical galaxies.

    • The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation provides insights into what era of the universe?

  • The state of the universe approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when photons decoupled from matter. (correct)
  • The present-day distribution of elliptical and spiral galaxies.
  • The period when the first galaxies were forming, roughly 1 billion years after the Big Bang.
  • The era of galaxy evolution through mergers and interactions, billions of years after the Big Bang.

    • Which of the following best describes the evolutionary process that follows the Big Bang and leads to the formation of galaxies?

  • The expansion of the universe leads to spontaneous creation of galaxy superclusters without any structure.
  • Uniform distribution of matter leads to immediate construction of the initial spiral galaxies, which then gravitate to one another.
  • Dark matter repels normal matter, creating voids that gradually coalesce into elliptical galaxies.
  • Initial density fluctuations cause regions to gravitationally attract, forming gas clouds, stars, and eventually galaxies. (correct)

    • What role is attributed to dark matter in the formation and evolution of galaxies?

    <p>Dark matter's gravity is believed to play a role in the initial stages of galaxy formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics differentiate spiral galaxies from elliptical galaxies?

    <p>Spiral galaxies contain significant gas and dust, and elliptical galaxies have little gas and dust. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of a core that exceeds 3 times the mass of the Sun following a supernova?

    <p>It becomes a black hole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Population III stars?

    <p>They are theorized to be composed predominantly of hydrogen and helium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Population II stars from Population I stars?

    <p>Population II stars are metal-poor and have longer lifespans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the supernova stage of a high-mass star?

    <p>Iron builds up in the core leading to an explosion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Chandrashekhar Limit, what happens to a core with a mass less than 1.44 times that of the Sun?

    <p>It becomes a white dwarf. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    White Dwarf

    The remnant core of a low to medium mass star that cools over time.

    Neutron Star

    A stellar remnant formed from the collapse of a massive star's core, with a mass between 1.44 to 3 solar masses.

    Black Hole

    An end state of a massive star's core collapse, occurring when the mass exceeds 3 solar masses.

    Hubble's Law

    Galaxies moving away faster are farther from us, indicating universe expansion.

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    Chandrasekhar Limit

    The maximum mass (1.44 solar masses) for a white dwarf; above this, the core becomes a neutron star or black hole.

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    Population III Stars

    Hypothetical first stars in the universe, composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, without heavier elements.

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    Redshift

    The elongation of light waves to longer wavelengths from objects moving away.

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    Cosmic Microwave Background Emissions

    Faint glow of radiation filling the universe, dating back to 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

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    Formation of Galaxies

    Gas clouds collapsed under gravity after the Big Bang, leading to the first stars and galaxies.

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    Types of Galaxies

    Categories of galaxies: elliptical (old, little gas) and spiral (young, significant gas).

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    Study Notes

    UPSC CSE 2025 Geography - Geomophology

    • This course covers Geography, focusing on Geomophology for the UPSC CSE 2025 exam.
    • It includes topics from the Universe to Earth's evolution, cycles of erosion, and plate tectonics.

    Index of Topics

    • Universe
    • Galaxies
    • Stars
    • Solar System
    • The Sun
    • Planets
    • Evolution of Earth
    • Earth Facts
    • Milankovitch Cycles
    • Moon
    • Eclipses
    • PYQ (Previous Year Questions)
    • Interior of the Earth
    • Earthquakes
    • Earth Movements
    • Continental Drift & Sea Floor Spread Theories
    • Plate Tectonics Theory
    • Volcanism
    • Orogeny
    • Rocks & Rock Cycle
    • Cycles of Erosion

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    Related Documents

    Geomorphology Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on Geomorphology as part of the Geography syllabus for the UPSC CSE 2025 exam. Topics include Earth's evolution, erosion cycles, and plate tectonics. Prepare for your exam with questions based on key concepts and previous years' questions.

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