UPSC Class 6th NCERT Chapter 2: Buniyaad

People who lived by hunting animals and gathering plants for food.

The shift from hunting and gathering to farming and herding animals.

A change in climate that led to the development of farming and herding.

People who raised animals and grew crops for food.

Rock shelters like caves provided protection from the elements for hunter-gatherers.

Cave paintings in Bhimbetka reveal a lot about early human life and culture, providing insights into their daily activities and beliefs.

The presence of stone tools and evidence of hearths in the Kurnool Caves indicates that people lived there in the past.

The settlement of Burzahom in Kashmir offers insight into early living arrangements, with evidence of simple huts and places for cooking.

The practice of burying animals with the deceased suggests a belief in an afterlife, where these animals would accompany and serve them.

The use of tools such as stone tools, mortars, and pestles offers evidence of the technological advancements and daily life practices of earlier civilizations.

The Paleolithic Age, also known as the Old Stone Age, lasted for approximately 2 million years and witnessed the use of crude stone tools for tasks such as hunting and gathering.

The Mesolithic Age, or Middle Stone Age, emerged around 12,000 years ago and saw the development of smaller, more refined stone tools called microliths.

The Neolithic Age, also called the New Stone Age, began approximately 10,000 years ago and is characterized by the use of highly polished stone tools with finely cut edges.

The Bronze Age, starting about 4,500 years ago, marked a significant technological leap with the introduction of bronze tools and weapons.

The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age was driven by climate change that created favorable conditions for agriculture. Melting glaciers resulted in grasslands, providing a habitat for animals and facilitating the development of farming.

The domestication of animals began with the taming of wild animals that frequented human settlements. These animals, such as dogs, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs, provided various resources that enabled human progress.

The emergence of farmers and herders signified a shift in human societies. Farmers cultivated crops for food and resources, while herders raised livestock for meat and milk.

The transition to a settled lifestyle led to the development of structures like huts and the invention of tools and storage methods. This sedentary lifestyle also facilitated the practice of weaving clothes.