Upper Limb Muscles Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle has an insertion point at the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

Deltoid

What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?

Clavicular head: Med.½ of clavicle front. Sternocostal head: Front of sternum & upper 6 costal cartilages.

Which nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle?

N.to serratus ant.

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Extension, adduction, and med. rotation of the arm. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the insertion point of the supraspinatus muscle?

Upper facet of humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the teres minor muscle?

Upper 2/3 of dorsum lat. border scapula. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two terminal branches of the brachial artery at the level of the radius neck?

Radial and ulnar arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of joint formed by the acromion and the clavicle?

Synovial plane Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is attached to the upper lip of the spine of the scapula?

Trapezius Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fossa that contains the supraspinatus muscle?

Supraspinous fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of joint formed by the glenoid cavity and the humerus?

Synovial ball and socket Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is attached to the lower 1/3 of the latissimus dorsi border of the scapula?

Teres major Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the median nerve in the upper limb?

Flexion of elbow, wrist, and proximal and middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for supination of the extended elbow?

Interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the radial nerve?

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5,6,7,8,T1) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

Median nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

Flexion of the elbow and flexion and adduction of the wrist Signup and view all the answers

What structures are attached to the interosseous membrane?

Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (ant.), extensor pollicis longus and brevis (post.) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of the phrenic nerve to the lung root?

Infront of lung root Signup and view all the answers

Which phrenic nerve is shorter and why?

Right phrenic nerve, because it is nearly vertical and has a higher right cupola Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vagus nerve enter the thorax?

Through the inlet, in front of the subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of the vagus nerve to the lung root?

Behind lung root, forming the post-pulmonary plexus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sympathetic chain trachea enter the thorax?

In front of the 1st rib neck, as a continuation of the cervical part Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination point of the sympathetic chain trachea in the thorax?

Behind the diaphragm at the medial arcuate ligament, to continue as the lumbar part Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pulmonary trunk begin and what are its branches?

The pulmonary trunk begins at the pulmonary orifice of the Rt. ventricle, opposite the Lt. 3rd sternocostal junction. Its branches are the Rt. and Lt. pulmonary arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the ascending aorta and what are its branches?

The ascending aorta begins at the aortic orifice of the Lt. ventricle, opposite the sternal end of the Lt. 3rd intercostal space, and its branches are the Rt. and Lt. coronary arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of the aortic arch to the brachiocephalic vein?

The aortic arch is superior to the Lt. brachiocephalic vein and its origin of three branches. Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the descending aorta and what are its branches?

The descending aorta begins on the Lt. side of the disc between T4 and 5, as a continuation of the aortic arch, and its branches are the lower 9 postintercostal and subcostal arteries, and the Lt. bronchial artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of the descending aorta to the esophagus?

The descending aorta has anterior and right relations to the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the superior vena cava begin and end?

The superior vena cava begins at the Rt. 1st costal cartilage, by the union of the Rt. and Lt. brachiocephalic veins, and ends at the Rt. 3rd costal cartilage, by opening into the Rt. atrium. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Insertion and Origin

The greater tuberosity of the humerus serves as the insertion point for the supraspinatus muscle.
Pectoralis major originates from the clavicle, sternum, and the cartilages of the first six ribs.

Nerves and Their Functions

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve.
The median nerve facilitates flexion and opposition of the thumb and supplies most of the anterior forearm muscles.
The radial nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and serves to extend the arm and forearm.
The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating intrinsic hand muscles and provides sensation to the ring and little fingers.
The nerve responsible for supination of the extended elbow is the radial nerve.
The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel.

Muscle Actions and Attachment Points

The latissimus dorsi muscle primarily acts in the extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the shoulder.
The lower third of the latissimus dorsi border of the scapula is attached to the teres major muscle.
The muscle attached to the upper lip of the spine of the scapula is the trapezius.

Joints and Fossa

The acromioclavicular joint is formed by the acromion and the clavicle.
The glenohumeral joint is created by the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
The supraspinatus muscle is located in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Vascular Anatomy

The two terminal branches of the brachial artery at the level of the radius neck are the radial artery and ulnar artery.
The pulmonary trunk begins at the right ventricle and branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
The ascending aorta originates from the left ventricle, courses upward, and branches into the coronary arteries.

Neurovascular Relations

The phrenic nerve runs anterior to the lung roots and is responsible for diaphragm innervation.
The left phrenic nerve is longer than the right, typically due to the position of the heart.
The vagus nerve enters the thorax at the level of the first thoracic vertebra and courses posteriorly to the lung roots.
The sympathetic chain enters the thorax at the level of T1 and terminates at the level of L2.

Cardiac and Pulmonary Pathways

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins, and it recedes posteriorly to the aortic arch.
The descending aorta, located posteriorly to the esophagus, supplies blood to the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
The superior vena cava begins at the junction of the left and right brachiocephalic veins and ends at the right atrium of the heart.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the origin, insertion, and actions of upper limb muscles, including pectoralis major and minor, and serratus anterior. Identify the muscles and their functions. Great for anatomy students and healthcare professionals.