Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the deltoid muscle in the upper limb?
What is the function of the deltoid muscle in the upper limb?
Which bone forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity?
Which bone forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity?
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm?
Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm?
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What is the function of the brachialis muscle?
What is the function of the brachialis muscle?
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What is the function of the triceps brachii muscle?
What is the function of the triceps brachii muscle?
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What type of joint is the wrist joint?
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
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What is the function of the brachial plexus?
What is the function of the brachial plexus?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity
- Attaches to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
- Humerus (upper arm bone)
- Long bone of the upper arm
- Connects the scapula to the forearm
- Radius and ulna (forearm bones)
- Radius: lateral bone of the forearm
- Ulna: medial bone of the forearm
- Carpals (wrist bones)
- 8 bones that form the carpal tunnel
- Connect the forearm to the hand
- Metacarpals (hand bones)
- 5 bones that connect the carpals to the phalanges
- Phalanges (finger bones)
- 14 bones that form the fingers and thumb
Joints of the Upper Limb
- Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
- Ball-and-socket joint between the scapula and humerus
- Elbow joint (humeroradial joint)
- Hinge joint between the humerus and radius
- Radioulnar joint (forearm joint)
- Pivot joint between the radius and ulna
- Wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
- Condylar joint between the radius and carpals
- Metacarpophalangeal joints (hand joints)
- Condyloid joints between the metacarpals and phalanges
- Interphalangeal joints (finger joints)
- Hinge joints between the phalanges
Muscles of the Upper Limb
- Deltoid muscle
- Abducts the arm at the shoulder
- Biceps brachii muscle
- Flexes the forearm at the elbow
- Triceps brachii muscle
- Extends the forearm at the elbow
- Brachialis muscle
- Flexes the forearm at the elbow
- Extensor muscles
- Extend the wrist and fingers
- Flexor muscles
- Flex the wrist and fingers
Nerves of the Upper Limb
- Brachial plexus
- Network of nerves that innervate the upper limb
- Axillary nerve
- Innervates the deltoid muscle
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Innervates the biceps brachii muscle
- Radial nerve
- Innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm
- Median nerve
- Innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm
- Ulnar nerve
- Innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Scapula forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity and attaches to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.
- Humerus is a long bone of the upper arm that connects the scapula to the forearm.
- Radius is the lateral bone of the forearm, while ulna is the medial bone of the forearm.
- Carpals are 8 bones that form the carpal tunnel and connect the forearm to the hand.
- Metacarpals are 5 bones that connect the carpals to the phalanges.
- Phalanges are 14 bones that form the fingers and thumb.
Joints of the Upper Limb
- Glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint between the scapula and humerus.
- Elbow joint is a hinge joint between the humerus and radius.
- Radioulnar joint is a pivot joint between the radius and ulna.
- Wrist joint is a condylar joint between the radius and carpals.
- Metacarpophalangeal joints are condyloid joints between the metacarpals and phalanges.
- Interphalangeal joints are hinge joints between the phalanges.
Muscles of the Upper Limb
- Deltoid muscle abducts the arm at the shoulder.
- Biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow.
- Triceps brachii muscle extends the forearm at the elbow.
- Brachialis muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow.
- Extensor muscles extend the wrist and fingers.
- Flexor muscles flex the wrist and fingers.
Nerves of the Upper Limb
- Brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervate the upper limb.
- Axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle.
- Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the biceps brachii muscle.
- Radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm.
- Median nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand.
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Description
Identify the bones that make up the upper limb, including the scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, and metacarpals. Learn about their functions and connections.
