40 Questions
What is the main objective of applied anatomy?
To apply anatomy knowledge in finding anatomy structures
What is palpation?
A technique of examining parts of the body by touching and feeling them
What is the main difference between the shoulder and the elbow?
The shoulder is highly mobile, but extremely unstable
What is the function of static palpation?
To examine the alignment and symmetry of surrounding soft tissue
What is the composition of the shoulder girdle?
3 bones: Scapula, Clavicle, and unspecified
What is the primary goal of the resisted test for shoulder flexor?
To apply a downward force on the lower arm
What is the location of the forearm?
Between the elbow and the wrist
In which position is the patient placed during the palpation of shoulder flexor with gravity eliminated?
Lying on the side with the tested arm upward
What is the function of motion palpation?
To feel the motion of a specific body segment
What is the result of weakness of shoulder flexion?
Inability to perform daily activities
Which of the following muscles is a primary shoulder extensor?
Latissimus dorsi
What is the type of articulation found in the elbow?
A complex modified hinge joint
What is the purpose of the powdered board during palpation of shoulder flexor with gravity eliminated?
To reduce friction and allow smooth movement
What is the result of painful resisted shoulder flexion?
Inflammation or injury of the contracting muscles
In which position is the patient placed during the resisted test for shoulder flexor?
Sitting with the arm at the side and the elbow slightly flexed
Which of the following muscles is a secondary shoulder extensor?
Teres minor
What is the primary function of the shoulder girdle?
To facilitate placement of the hand in space
What is the orientation of the scapula on the posterior aspect of the thorax?
At a 45-degree angle forward from the midsagittal plane
What is the type of articulation between the scapula and the thoracic cage?
Nonsynovial joint
What is the location of the glenoid cavity?
At the superolateral corner of the scapula
What is the direction of the spherical head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity?
Posteromedially
How do you palpate the suprasternal notch?
Use the middle or index finger to locate the triangular notch between the two clavicles from the front
How do you palpate the sternoclavicular joint?
Move superiorly and laterally from the suprasternal notch until feel the joint line between the sternum and the clavicle
What is the bony landmark located at the middle of the thorax, between the two clavicles?
Suprasternal notch
What is the primary purpose of palpation of shoulder extensor with gravity eliminated?
To assess the strength of the shoulder extensor muscles
In the resisted test for shoulder extension against gravity, where is the therapist's hand placed to stabilize the thorax?
On the upper portion of the thorax
What is the consequence of weakness in shoulder extension?
All of the above
Which muscle is not a primary shoulder abductor?
Serratus anterior
In the resisted test for shoulder abductor against gravity, where is the therapist's hand placed to apply downward resistance?
On the arm just proximal to the elbow joint
Which muscle is NOT an accessory shoulder adductor?
Teres minor
What can be inferred from painful resisted shoulder extension?
Inflammation or injury of the contracting muscles
What is not a synergist of the shoulder abductor?
Biceps brachii
What is the purpose of supporting the patient's arm with the weight of the arm on the examining table during the testing of shoulder abductor with gravity eliminated?
To eliminate the effect of gravity on the movement
What is the position of the patient in the palpation of shoulder abductor with gravity eliminated?
Supine lying with the arm at the side and the elbow flexed
What is the position of the patient during the testing of shoulder adductor with gravity eliminated?
Sitting, with the upper extremity on an examining table and the elbow extended
What is the consequence of weakness of shoulder adduction?
Restriction in bimanual activities
During the resisted test of shoulder adductor, where should the therapist place one hand?
Behind the patient's shoulder to stabilize the thorax
What can cause painful resisted shoulder abduction?
Inflammation or injury of the contracting muscles
What is the position of the therapist's thumb during the resisted test of shoulder adductor?
Facing posteriorly
What is the primary shoulder adductor muscle?
Pectoralis major
Study Notes
Applied Anatomy and Palpation
- Applied anatomy is the application of anatomy knowledge to find anatomy structures.
- Palpation is a technique used in physical examination to examine parts of the body by touching and feeling them.
- There are two types of palpation: static palpation and motion palpation.
- Static palpation is used to feel the alignment and symmetry of the surrounding soft tissue.
- Motion palpation is used to feel the motion of specific body segments.
Upper Limb
- The upper limb is composed of a few bones located at the upper part of the body.
- It consists of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
- The elbow is a complex modified hinge articulation that accommodates flexion, extension, and rotation movements of the forearm.
Shoulder Girdle
- The shoulder girdle is composed of three bones: scapula, clavicle, and humerus.
- It facilitates the placement of the hand in space.
- The scapula lies flatly on the posterior aspect of the thorax, approximately 45 degrees forward from the midsagittal plane.
- The glenoid cavity is a shallow socket located at the superolateral corner of the scapula.
Scapulothoracic Joint
- The scapulothoracic joint is a nonsynovial articulation.
- It is composed of the broad, flat, triangular scapula overlying the thoracic cage and separated from the thoracic cage by a large bursa.
- The plane of the scapula lies 45 degrees forward from the midcoronal plane of the body.
Palpation of Shoulder Structures
- Palpation of the suprasternal notch: located at the middle of the thorax, between the two clavicles.
- Palpation of the sternoclavicular joint: located at the articulation between the sternum and clavicle.
- Palpation of the clavicle: a bony curved surface that can be palpated laterally from the sternoclavicular joint.
- Palpation of the shoulder flexor: can be performed with the patient lying on their side or sitting with the arm at the side and the elbow slightly flexed.
- Palpation of the shoulder extensor: can be performed with the patient prone lying or side lying with the arm upwards.
- Palpation of the shoulder abductor: can be performed with the patient sitting or supine lying with the arm abducted to 90 degrees.
- Palpation of the shoulder adductor: can be performed with the patient supine or sitting with the arm abducted to about 90 degrees.
Testing Shoulder Muscles
- Testing shoulder flexion: can be performed with the patient sitting or lying on their side with the arm upwards.
- Resisted test: applying downward resistance as the patient attempts to elevate the arm.
- Testing shoulder extension: can be performed with the patient prone lying or side lying with the arm upwards.
- Resisted test: applying downward resistance as the patient attempts to elevate the arm.
- Testing shoulder abduction: can be performed with the patient sitting or supine lying with the arm abducted to 90 degrees.
- Resisted test: applying downward resistance as the patient attempts to abduct the arm.
- Testing shoulder adduction: can be performed with the patient supine or sitting with the arm abducted to about 90 degrees.
- Resisted test: applying resistance away from the midline of the patient as the patient attempts to adduct the arm.
Learn about the bones and structures of the upper limb, how to palpate them, and their functions. Introduction to applied anatomy and its importance in finding anatomy structures.
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