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Questions and Answers
What type of neoplasia invades neighboring tissues and metastasizes to distant sites?
What type of neoplasia invades neighboring tissues and metastasizes to distant sites?
- Invasive neoplasia
- Metastatic neoplasia
- Benign neoplasia
- Malignant neoplasia (correct)
Which gene mutations are directly involved in the development of cancer?
Which gene mutations are directly involved in the development of cancer?
- Passenger gene mutations
- Driver gene mutations (correct)
- Tumor suppressor gene mutations
- Oncogene mutations
Which mechanism is involved in repairing single-strand DNA breaks?
Which mechanism is involved in repairing single-strand DNA breaks?
- Nucleotide excision repair
- Homologous-recombination mediated repair
- Mismatch repair (correct)
- Non-homologous end joining repair
Which proteins are involved in double-strand DNA repair through homologous recombination?
Which proteins are involved in double-strand DNA repair through homologous recombination?
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What is the most common cause of DNA damage from extrinsic factors?
What is the most common cause of DNA damage from extrinsic factors?
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Study Notes
Neoplasia and Cancer Development
- Malignant neoplasia invades neighboring tissues and metastasizes to distant sites.
Genetic Mutations in Cancer Development
- Tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP53) and oncogenes (e.g., RAS) are directly involved in the development of cancer.
DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Base excision repair is the mechanism involved in repairing single-strand DNA breaks.
Double-Strand DNA Repair
- BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 proteins are involved in double-strand DNA repair through homologous recombination.
DNA Damage Causes
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most common cause of DNA damage from extrinsic factors.
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Test your knowledge of the upper limb skeletal structure, pectoral region, arm, forearm, and hand anatomy. Explore the osseofascial compartments of the forearm, identify muscles, and understand their attachments, innervation, and actions.
