Upper Limb Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the axio-appendicular muscles?

To provide sensory endings for touch and pain

To extend between the shoulder and elbow

To connect the axial and appendicular skeletons (correct)

To connect the scapula to the humerus

Which regions comprise the arm?

Forearm and hand

Pectoral and scapular

Shoulder and elbow (correct)

Wrist and fingers

Which segment of the upper limb is distal to the forearm?

Shoulder

Arm

Elbow

Hand (correct)

What structures are included in the hand?

Carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges Signup and view all the answers

What defines the forearm?

Segment between the elbow and wrist Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles connect the scapula to the humerus?

Scapulohumeral muscles Signup and view all the answers

What are the two large groups of axio-appendicular muscles?

Anterior and posterior Signup and view all the answers

What sensory functions does the hand possess?

Touch, pain, and temperature Signup and view all the answers

What are the two proximal attachments of the pectoralis major muscle called?

Clavicular head and sternocostal head Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the pectoralis minor muscle?

Medial pectoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What action does the pectoralis major produce when both its heads contract simultaneously?

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pectoralis minor muscle attach distally?

To the scapula's coracoid process Signup and view all the answers

Which artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia?

Thoraco-acromial artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the contraction of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major cause?

Flexion of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pectoralis minor muscle?

Stabilization of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the clavipectoral fascia?

Axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the subclavius muscle during shoulder stabilization?

To anchor and depress the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the serratus anterior muscle?

Long thoracic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical position allows for the best visibility of the subclavius muscle?

Anatomical position Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the serratus anterior due to its functional role?

Boxer’s muscle Signup and view all the answers

How does the serratus anterior contribute to scapula movement?

It protracts and rotates the scapula upwards Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the subclavius muscle attach distally?

Mid-third of the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What action does the serratus anterior facilitate when reaching for something anteriorly?

Protracting the scapula Signup and view all the answers

What specific muscles are involved in deep inhalation?

Diaphragm and external intercostals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Limb Segments

Upper limb consists of four major segments: shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Shoulder is the proximal segment overlapping parts of the trunk, including the pectoral, scapular, and deltoid regions.
Arm (brachium) connects shoulder and elbow, encompassing anterior and posterior regions with the humerus at the center.
Forearm (antebrachium) connects elbow and wrist, includes regions overlying radius and ulna.
Hand (manus) is distal to the forearm and consists of the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges, serving as a tactile organ.

Pectoral Region Musculature

Muscles of the pectoral region are categorized as axio-appendicular and scapulohumeral, linking axial and appendicular skeletons.
Anterior axio-appendicular muscles include pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior.

Pectoralis Major

Flat, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper half of the thorax.
Has two proximal attachments: clavicular head (medial half of clavicle) and sternocostal head (anterior surface of sternum and superior six costal cartilages).
Distally attaches to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Innervated by lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
Contraction produces adduction and medial rotation of the arm; clavicular head facilitates flexion, sternocostal head aids in extension.

Clavipectoral Fascia

Strong fascial sheet located deep to the clavicular head of pectoralis major, filling the space between clavicle and pectoralis minor.
Structures that pierce it include lateral pectoral nerve, thoraco-acromial artery, cephalic vein, and lymphatics from the breast.

Pectoralis Minor

Triangular muscle located deep to pectoralis major in the anterior axillary wall.
Base attaches to the anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs at their costal cartilages.
Apex converges into a tendon that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.
Innervated by the medial pectoral nerve.
Contracts to pull the coracoid process downward and anteriorly, assisting in scapula stability and elevation of ribs during deep inhalation.

Subclavius

Small, horizontal muscle positioned inferior to the clavicle and superior to the first rib.
Proximally attaches to the first rib and its costal cartilage, distally to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
Innervated by the nerve to subclavius from anterior rami of C5 and C6.
Stabilizes the shoulder by anchoring and depressing the clavicle, aiding in stabilizing the acromioclavicular joint.

Serratus Anterior

Forms the medial wall of the axilla, located over the lateral thorax; fibers give it a saw-like appearance.
Originates from the external surfaces of the lateral parts of the upper eight ribs, inserting along the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula.
Innervated by the long thoracic nerve from anterior rami of C5, C6, and C7.
Contraction protracts the scapula, enabling reaching and punching motions; also anchors the scapula and assists in upward rotation during arm abduction above the head.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the upper limb, including its four major segments and associated regions. This quiz will cover the shoulder, pectoral, scapular, and deltoid areas. Engage with specific anatomical details and relationships.