Upper Limb Anatomy: Humerus and Axilla

Which statement accurately differentiates the anterior and posterior views of the humerus?

Which statement most precisely identifies the boundaries of the axilla?

A surgeon needs to access the cervico-axillary canal during a procedure. Which anatomical landmark should they use to locate this passage?

Following a surgical procedure in the axilla, a patient exhibits weakness in adduction and internal rotation of their arm. Which muscle is most likely affected?

During an axillary lymph node dissection, a surgeon inadvertently damages a nerve, leading to a 'winged scapula'. Which nerve was most likely injured?

A patient presents with an inability to medially rotate their arm. Physical examination and imaging reveals damage to one of the posterior axillary wall muscles. which of the following muscles could be damaged?

Which structure forms the lateral border of the axilla?

After a strenuous workout focusing on chest exercises, a patient reports pain and difficulty with adduction and medial rotation of the arm. Which muscle is most likely involved?

Which of the following is the correct origin and action of the Pectoralis Minor?

A patient is diagnosed with damage to the thoracodorsal nerve. Which movement of the arm will be most affected?

A patient is unable to internally rotate their arm. Which muscle is most likely affected?

A patient has undergone a procedure that has damaged the long thoracic nerve. Which describes the action lost by the damage of this nerve?

Which of the following structures is most lateral?

How would you describe the origin, insertion, and action of the pectoralis major?

Which of the following lists all contents of the axilla?

Which of the following accurately describes the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A patient is diagnosed with a rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Which action will be most affected?

Which statement accurately describes the innervation of the brachialis muscle?

What is the primary function of the Coracobrachialis?

A weightlifter strains their triceps brachii during a bench press. Which action would be most difficult for them immediately following the injury?

The profunda brachii artery is a branch of which major vessel?

A stab wound at the midshaft of the humerus, posteriorly, damages what nerve and artery?

Which nerve is most at risk with a mid-shaft fracture of the humerus?

In an anterior view of the elbow joint, which structure is most medial?

Which of the following structures is located within the cubital fossa?

What structures are known as the borders to the cubital fossa?

A deep laceration on the anterior aspect of the elbow joint lateral to the biceps tendon. Which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?

A baseball player injures his elbow. Initial examination reveals the distal humerus was fractured. The doctor mentions a risk of injury to a nerve that passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. What nerve is likely to be at risk?

After a motorcycle accident, a patient has reduced sensation on the lateral aspect of their forearm, along with muscle weakness. Which represents the most probable nerve that was damaged?

What part of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve directly originate from?

What movements are lost if the musculocutaneous nerve is severed?

Which of the following does not contribute to the axillary walls?

The conjoint tendon of the short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis shares an insertion point with which bone feature?

Which of the following provides the MOST support to elbow flexion?

Which of the following blood vessels anastomoses with the radial collateral artery around the elbow joint?

What is the origin of the Radial Artery?

During a surgical approach to the anterior humerus, a surgeon must consider the path of the musculocutaneous nerve. Which muscle does this nerve pierce?

Which of the following muscles does not insert on the intertubercular groove of the humerus:

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the latissimus dorsi muscle and the posterior wall of the axilla?

A surgeon is performing a procedure that requires precise knowledge of the axillary borders. If the surgeon makes an incision along the lateral border of the scapula, which axillary wall is being directly accessed?

A patient presents with damage to the structure that protracts the scapula against the thoracic wall. Which nerve and axillary wall is most likely affected?

A bodybuilder is performing a dumbbell fly exercise, focusing mainly on the anterior wall of the axilla. Which nerve would the bodybuilder most likely be stimulating?

If the medial pectoral nerve were selectively damaged, what specific action would remain unaffected?

Considering its origin and insertion, how does the latissimus dorsi contribute to movements of the arm and shoulder?

What is the primary function of the subscapularis muscle in relation to the glenohumeral joint?

How does the location of the teres major relative to the teres minor affect its contribution to arm movement?

A patient has difficulty in reaching forward and rotating the arm. Which muscle(s) are least likely to be involved?

Which of the following best explains how the conjoint tendon contributes to the stability and function of the shoulder region?

What is the functional consequence of a distal biceps tendon rupture concerning movements at the elbow and forearm?

How does the location of the brachial artery influence the clinical approach to measuring blood pressure in the arm?

How does damage to the musculocutaneous nerve impact the actions of muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A patient presents with weakness in both elbow flexion and supination. Which single muscle is most likely affected?

How do the individual heads of the triceps brachii contribute differently to the function of the muscle as a whole?

What is the functional significance of the triangular interval in the posterior arm?

Damage to anatomical neck of humerus. Which structures would most likely be damaged

A patient has a mid-shaft fracture that causes numbness to the posterior compartment of the forearm. Which nerve would most likely be affected considering what is damaged with this fracture?

What structural feature of the elbow joint primarily resists valgus stress and prevents excessive abduction of the ulna relative to the humerus?

When accessing the cubital fossa for intravenous catheter placement, what is a key consideration given the anatomical arrangement of its contents?

How does the path of the radial nerve at the elbow contribute to its clinical relevance in injuries around the lateral epicondyle?

Why would knowledge of the boundaries of the cubital fossa be critical in managing trauma to the anterior elbow?

How does the relationship between the lacertus fibrosus and the median nerve affect the potential for nerve compression in the cubital fossa?

A baseball player reports a sudden 'pop' followed by immediate pain and weakness in elbow extension. What is most likely affected?

If a surgeon needs to access the brachial artery distal to the profunda brachii branch, which approach allows the most direct access while minimizing risk to nearby nerves?

Intertubercular Groove

Humerus Head

Supracondylar Ridge

Coronoid Fossa

Olecranon Fossa

Axilla

Anterior Wall of Axilla

Posterior Wall of Axilla

Medial Wall of Axilla

Lateral Wall of Axilla

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis

Teres Major

Serratus Anterior

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Axillary nerve

Brachial Artery

Axillary Vein

Brachial Plexus

Brachium

Arm Compartments

Biceps Brachii

Lacertus Fibrosis

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Cubital Fossa

Cubital Fossa Boundaries