Lecture 6 Axilla

The axillary artery is divided into segments by the pectoralis minor muscle. Which segment is directly posterior to this muscle?

A patient is having difficulty with scapular protraction. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?

During a surgical procedure, a surgeon identifies the posterior humeral circumflex artery. Which nerve should the surgeon be MOST careful to avoid?

A patient presents with weakness in both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Damage to which nerve, originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, is MOST likely the cause?

Following a fall, a patient is diagnosed with a humeral fracture. The physician notes the fracture is at a location commonly associated with neurovascular complications. Which part of the humerus is MOST likely fractured?

A patient has lost motor function in the deltoid and teres minor muscles following an injury. Which single nerve is MOST likely to have been damaged?

A patient reports difficulty abducting their arm and externally rotating the same arm. Which nerve is MOST likely damaged?

During a surgery involving the axilla, a surgeon must be cautious to protect a nerve that originates directly from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. Injury to this nerve would MOST directly affect which muscular action?

A patient presents with decreased blood flow to the infraspinous fossa. Which artery is most likely affected?

During a surgical procedure involving the latissimus dorsi, which nerve must be carefully identified and preserved to prevent muscle paralysis?

A patient exhibits nerve deficits originating from the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus. Which nerve roots are most likely involved?

A surgeon is performing an axillary lymph node dissection and needs to identify the final group of nodes before lymphatic drainage enters the subclavian lymphatic trunk. Which nodes are they looking for?

During elbow flexion, which anatomical structure on the humerus accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna?

Radiographic imaging of a growing child's humerus reveals a distinct line near the proximal end. Which anatomical region does this line most likely represent?

Which of the following nerves is NOT directly derived from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Compression of the axilla, such as that caused by improperly fitted crutches, is most likely to directly affect which nerve, potentially resulting in 'Saturday night palsy'?

A patient presents with an inability to abduct their arm and weakness in external rotation. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is formed by the fusion of which structures?

A surgeon is performing a procedure in the axilla and needs to identify the medial pectoral nerve. Which of the following describes its path and innervation?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the flow of lymph through the axillary lymph nodes?

A patient who recently underwent a mastectomy presents with lymphedema in the affected arm. Which group of lymph nodes was MOST likely disrupted?

A patient is diagnosed with lymphangitis in the upper limb due to an infection. Where would tenderness and swelling MOST likely be observed?

Which nerve passes through the quadrangular space along with the posterior humeral circumflex artery?

If a tumor in the axilla compressed the medial cord of the brachial plexus, which of the following motor deficits would be MOST likely to occur?

A patient presents with weakness in shoulder abduction and external rotation. Which nerve, originating from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, is most likely affected?

During a surgical procedure in the axilla, a surgeon needs to ligate a branch of the thoracoacromial trunk to control bleeding. Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of this trunk?

A newborn presents with a 'claw hand' deformity and weakness in the intrinsic muscles of the hand following a difficult delivery. Which type of brachial plexus injury is most likely the cause?

A patient has difficulty flexing their elbow and supinating their forearm. Which nerve is most likely injured?

During a shoulder arthroscopy, surgeons must be cautious of the arterial supply to the deltoid muscle to minimize post-operative atrophy. Damage to which artery would most directly compromise the deltoid's blood supply?

A fracture of the midshaft of the humerus can damage a nerve as it passes through the triangular interval. Damage to what nerve is most likely, resulting in wrist drop?

A patient undergoing treatment for lymphedema in the upper limb requires understanding of lymphatic drainage pathways. Where does most of the lymphatic drainage from the upper limb initially converge?

After a motorcycle accident, a patient exhibits paralysis of the biceps brachii and loss of sensation along the lateral forearm. Which nerve has most likely been damaged?

A patient has a compromised suprascapular artery. Which artery would be MOST crucial in providing collateral circulation to maintain blood flow around the scapula?

A patient reports a loss of sensation on the lateral aspect of their forearm following an injury. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?

During a surgical procedure involving the scapula, both the upper and lower subscapular nerves are inadvertently damaged. Which muscle's function will be DIRECTLY impaired as a result?

A weightlifter is performing a lat pulldown exercise. Which muscle is MOST directly involved in the adduction and medial rotation of their arm during this movement?

A surgeon is preparing to ligate the largest branch of the axillary artery during a radical mastectomy. Which artery is MOST likely to be ligated?

A patient presents with wrist drop after fracturing the midshaft of their humerus. Which nerve was MOST likely injured?

During a boxing match, a fighter forcefully protracts their scapula to deliver a punch. Which muscle is PRIMARILY responsible for this action?

A baseball player complains of shoulder pain and weakness when abducting their arm The doctor suspects damage to one of the rotator cuff muscles. If the teres minor is intact, but abduction is particularly weak in the initial 15 degrees, which rotator cuff muscle is MOST likely affected?

Which combination of anatomical structures primarily defines the superior boundary (apex) of the axilla?

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve. What functional deficit would you expect to see if this nerve were damaged?

A fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus poses a risk to surrounding neurovascular structures. Why is the surgical neck more prone to fractures compared to the anatomical neck?

The intertubercular groove of the humerus houses which structure?

What is the primary anatomical landmark used to divide the axillary artery into its three segments?

Which artery branches directly from the first segment of the axillary artery?

Which of the following arteries does NOT originate directly from the thoracoacromial trunk?

The circumflex scapular artery, which branches from the subscapular artery, passes through which anatomical space?

What is the most common positional relationship between the axillary artery and vein?

Which nerve roots primarily contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus?

The dorsal scapular nerve, responsible for supplying the rhomboid muscles, originates from which nerve root?

Erb-Duchenne palsy, often resulting in a 'waiter's tip' deformity, typically involves damage to which nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

Klumpke's palsy, involving the lower nerve roots of the brachial plexus, primarily affects which muscle group?

The suprascapular nerve and suprascapular artery both travel to the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. What is their relationship as they pass the scapular notch?

Which nerve emerges from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

Axillary Artery: Second Segment

Serratus Anterior Function

Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery Companion

Superior Trunk Brachial Plexus Branch

Common Humerus Fracture Site

Axillary Nerve Function

Divisions of Brachial Plexus

Cords of Brachial Plexus

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Median Nerve

Axillary Nerve

Radial Nerve

Pectoral Nodes

Subscapular Nodes

Humeral (Lateral) Nodes

Circumflex Scapular Artery

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Inferior Trunk of Brachial Plexus

Apical Nodes

Coronoid Fossa

Anatomical Neck of Humerus

Deltoid Artery

Klumpke's Palsy

Deltoid Branch

Humeral Lymph Nodes

Axilla

Superior Boundary of the Axilla

Anterior Boundary of the Axilla

Posterior Boundary of the Axilla

Medial Boundary of the Axilla

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Innervation of Serratus Anterior

Humerus

Surgical Neck of Humerus

Greater and Lesser Tubercles

Floor of the Axilla

Axillary Artery

Brachial Plexus

Roots of Brachial Plexus

Trunks of Brachial Plexus

Subscapularis Muscle

Teres Major Function

Subscapular Artery