Questions and Answers
What is the region between the shoulder and the elbow called?
Which muscle has its origin from the coracoid process of the scapula?
What is the function of the biceps brachii muscle?
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm and hand?
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What is the distal end of the humerus called?
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Which muscle is responsible for extension of the elbow joint?
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Study Notes
Upper Arm Anatomy
- The upper arm, also known as the brachium, is the region between the shoulder and the elbow.
- It extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow joint.
- The upper arm is composed of the following structures:
- Humerus (long bone)
- Brachialis muscle
- Biceps brachii muscle
- Triceps brachii muscle
- Median nerve, radial nerve, and ulnar nerve (nerves that pass through the arm)
Humerus
- The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm.
- It has the following features:
- Proximal end: Head of the humerus (articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint)
- Body: Shaft of the humerus
- Distal end: Condyles of the humerus (articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint)
Muscles of the Upper Arm
-
Biceps brachii muscle:
- Origin: Short head - coracoid process of the scapula, Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Insertion: Radial tuberosity
- Action: Flexion of the elbow joint, forearm supination
-
Triceps brachii muscle:
- Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, posterior surface of the humerus
- Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
- Action: Extension of the elbow joint
-
Brachialis muscle:
- Origin: Anterior surface of the humerus
- Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process of the ulna
- Action: Flexion of the elbow joint
Nerve Supply
- Median nerve: Supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm and hand
- Radial nerve: Supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm and hand
- Ulnar nerve: Supplies the medial aspect of the forearm and hand
Upper Arm Anatomy
- Upper arm, or brachium, extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow joint.
- Composed of humerus, brachialis muscle, biceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle, and median, radial, and ulnar nerves.
Humerus
- Long bone of the upper arm with:
- Proximal end: Head of the humerus, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint.
- Body: Shaft of the humerus.
- Distal end: Condyles of the humerus, articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint.
Muscles of the Upper Arm
Biceps Brachii Muscle
- Originates from the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
- Inserts into the radial tuberosity.
- Actions: flexion of the elbow joint and forearm supination.
Triceps Brachii Muscle
- Originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and posterior surface of the humerus.
- Inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna.
- Action: extension of the elbow joint.
Brachialis Muscle
- Originates from the anterior surface of the humerus.
- Inserts into the ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna.
- Action: flexion of the elbow joint.
Nerve Supply
- Median nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm and hand.
- Radial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm and hand.
- Ulnar nerve supplies the medial aspect of the forearm and hand.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the upper arm region, including the humerus, muscles, and nerves that pass through it.
