UPJ Obstruction Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic assessment for the fetal genitourinary tract abnormalities?

Presence of dilatation

Number of kidneys (correct)

Level of obstruction

Cause of obstruction

Which of the following is a possible abnormal location for the kidneys in a fetus?

In the pelvis

In the abdomen

In the head

In the thorax (correct)

Which of the following is a possible abnormality of the fetal genitourinary tract?

Renal agenesis

VACTERL syndrome (correct)

Simple renal cysts

Horseshoe kidney

Which one of these is a sonographic feature of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?

Bilateral enlarged kidneys with increased echogenicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common inherited kidney disease?

ADPKD Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal abnormalities, and renal/urinary anomalies?

VACTERL syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is the most common solid intrarenal fetal mass?

Mesoblastic nephroma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common definition of hydronephrosis?

Dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces, and proximal ureter Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal range for renal pelvis diameter (RPD) in gestational age (GA) greater than or equal to 20 weeks?

Greater than 5 mm Signup and view all the answers

According to the Canadian Journal of Medical Sonography, what is considered abnormal for the AP renal pelvis measurement in weeks gestation?

Between 7-10 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sonographic features is associated with renal pyelectasis?

Dilated renal pelvis without involvement of the calyces Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a sonographic feature of Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK)?

Multiple cysts with no renal parenchyma or pelvis seen Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential diagnosis for Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK)?

Hydronephrosis (pelvicaliectasis) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a sonographic feature of Obstructive Cystic Renal Dysplasia (CRD)?

Renal pyelectasis/hydronephrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) based on the mode of inheritance?

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of UPJ obstruction in children?

It is usually unilateral Signup and view all the answers

What are the sonographic features of unilateral UPJ obstruction?

Unilateral renal pyelectasis and caliectasis Signup and view all the answers

What are the sonographic features of bilateral UPJ obstruction?

Bilateral renal pyelectasis and caliectasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between renal cysts and hydronephrosis on ultrasound?

Renal cysts are communicating cysts that connect with the renal pelvis, while hydronephrosis does not communicate with the renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sonographic feature of unilateral renal agenesis?

Nonvisualization of kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with the 'lying down adrenal' sign?

Bilateral renal agenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of bilateral renal agenesis?

Failure of both ureteric buds to develop Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys?

Horseshoe kidney Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fetal Genitourinary Tract Assessments

Basic assessments exclude certain factors such as postnatal imaging or maternal health complications.
Common assessments include prenatal ultrasounds, evaluating pelvic anatomy, and identifying kidney placement.

Kidney Location Abnormalities

Abnormal kidney locations can include ectopic positions, where kidneys may be found in the pelvis or thorax instead of the typical retroperitoneal position.

Possible Abnormalities

Possible abnormalities include agenesis (absence) of kidneys and conditions like renal dysplasia or cystic diseases.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Features

Key sonographic features include bilateral kidney enlargement and multiple cysts of varying sizes.

Common Inherited Kidney Disease

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent inherited kidney disease.

VACTERL Association Features

This condition comprises vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal abnormalities, and renal/urinary anomalies.

Most Common Solid Intrarenal Fetal Mass

Renal hematoma is identified as the most common solid intrarenal fetal mass.

Definition of Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is typically defined as the dilation of the renal pelvis due to obstruction or other causes.

Abnormal Renal Pelvis Diameter

An abnormal range for renal pelvis diameter (RPD) in gestational age (GA) ≥ 20 weeks is greater than 10 mm.

Abnormal AP Renal Pelvis Measurement

Anterior-posterior renal pelvis measurement is considered abnormal if it exceeds specific thresholds determined by gestational weeks.

Renal Pyelectasis Sonographic Feature

Sonographic features implicating renal pyelectasis include mild dilation of the renal pelvis without other significant abnormalities.

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) Features

A sonographic feature of MCDK includes the presence of multiple cysts that can vary in size alongside a non-functioning kidney.

Differential Diagnosis for MCDK

Differential diagnoses may involve conditions like obstructive renal dysplasia or renal agenesis.

Obstructive Cystic Renal Dysplasia Features

Sonographic features include varying degrees of renal cystic changes with possible renal enlargement.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Classification

PKD is classified based on its mode of inheritance as either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.

UPJ Obstruction in Children

Characteristics of UPJ (Ureteropelvic Junction) obstruction often reveal hydronephrosis and renal dilation on imaging.

Sonographic Features of UPJ Obstruction

Unilateral UPJ obstruction may show dilated renal pelvis, normal ureter, and absence of hydronephrosis on the contralateral side.

Bilateral UPJ Obstruction Features

Bilateral conditions can result in more pronounced renal enlargement and bilateral hydronephrosis.

Renal Cysts vs Hydronephrosis on Ultrasound

Renal cysts appear as smooth, well-defined masses, while hydronephrosis presents as distended renal pelvis and calyces.

Unilateral Renal Agenesis Features

Sonographic indicators may show a solitary kidney with the absence of the other kidney.

'Lying Down Adrenal' Sign

This sign is typically associated with adrenal gland malformations and can indicate potential kidney anomalies.

Cause of Bilateral Renal Agenesis

The primary cause of bilateral renal agenesis involves developmental disruptions during early gestation.

Fusion of Lower Poles of Kidneys

The condition characterized by fusion is termed Horseshoe Kidney, where kidneys are partially joined at the lower poles.

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Description

Test your knowledge on UPJ Obstruction, a condition characterized by the obstruction of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter. This quiz covers the definition, prevalence, and common characteristics of UPJ Obstruction.