UPCAT Chemistry Stoichiometry
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Questions and Answers

What is the taxonomic rank that has the suffix '-phyta'?

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum (correct)
  • Order
  • Class
  • Which of the following species is NOT found in the Philippines?

  • Mangifera indica
  • Pithecophaga jefferyi
  • Drosophila melanogaster
  • Mus musculus (correct)
  • What is the domain of modern humans?

  • Eukarya (correct)
  • Archaea
  • Protista
  • Bacteria
  • Which suffix is commonly used for family rank in animal classification?

    <p>-idae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus of the Philippine macaque?

    <p>Macaca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a model organism?

    <p>Mus musculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taxonomic rank that has no commonly used suffix?

    <p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species is a type of fruit fly?

    <p>Drosophila melanogaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an allele that has no noticeable effect on an organism's appearance?

    <p>Recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a gene that has two different alleles?

    <p>Heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the crossing of two true-breeding varieties?

    <p>Hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where the expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at another locus?

    <p>Epistasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that is heterozygous for two particular characters being followed in a cross?

    <p>Dihybrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is used to denote a polyatomic ion with several oxygen atoms?

    <p>-ate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the iron ion with a charge of 2+?

    <p>Ferrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an empirical formula?

    <p>CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct suffix for a monoatomic non-metal ion?

    <p>-ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following transition metal ions has a larger charge?

    <p>Ferric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for a polyatomic ion with less oxygen atoms?

    <p>-ite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct suffix for a transition metal ion with a smaller charge?

    <p>-ous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a molecular formula?

    <p>C2H6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stoichiometry

    • Chemical formulas can be molecular or empirical
    • Molecular formula: actual number of atoms in a molecule, e.g. C2H6
    • Empirical formula: simplest whole number ratio of atoms, e.g. CH3

    Nomenclature

    • Ionic compounds:
      • Monoatomic non-metal: -ide
      • Polyatomic:
        • Several O atoms: -ate
        • Less O atoms: -ite
    • Transition metals:
      • Smaller charge: -ous
      • Larger charge: -ic
      • Example: Fe2+ is ferrous, Fe3+ is ferric

    Quantum Numbers

    • Describe an electron and serve as solutions to the Schrödinger wave equation
    • n (principal/shell): distance of orbital from nucleus, possible values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    • ℓ (azimuthal/angular shape of orbital subrange): possible values: 0, n-1
    • ml (magnetic): orientation of orbitals, possible values: -l, +l
    • ms (spin): direction of magnetic spin, possible values: ½, -½

    Subshells and Shells

    • Subshells:
      • s: 1 orbital, 2 electrons
      • p: 3 orbitals, 6 electrons
      • d: 5 orbitals, 10 electrons
      • f: 7 orbitals, 14 electrons
      • g: 9 orbitals, 18 electrons
    • Shells:
      • 1st shell: 1s, 2 electrons
      • 2nd shell: 2s, 2p, 8 electrons
      • 3rd shell: 3s, 3p, 3d, 18 electrons
      • 4th shell: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 32 electrons

    Taxonomic Ranking

    • Mnemonic: Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
    • Taxonomic ranks from general to specific:
      • Domain: Eukarya
      • Kingdom: Animalia
      • Phylum: Chordata
      • Class: Mammalia
      • Order: Carnivora
      • Family: Hominidae
      • Genus: Homo
      • Species: Homo sapiens

    Species to Remember

    • Found in the Philippines:
      • Pithecophaga jefferyi (Philippine eagle)
      • Bubalus mindorensis (tamaraw)
      • Bubalus bubalis (carabao/water buffalo)
      • Jasminum sambac (sampaguita)
      • Musa textilis (abaca)
      • Musa squamosa (banana)
      • Passer montanus (maya bird)
      • Chanos chanos (bangus)
      • Mangifera indica (mango)
      • Pterocarpus indicus (narra)
      • Macaca fascicularis (Philippine macaque)
      • Oryza sativa (rice)
    • Model organisms:
      • Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
      • Escherichia coli
      • Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast)
      • Danio rerio (zebrafish)
      • Mus musculus (house mouse)

    Genetics

    • True-breeding: produces only the same variety as the parent
    • Hybridization: crossing of two true-breeding varieties
    • P generation: parent
    • F1 generation: first filial
    • Allele: alternative versions of a gene
    • Dominant: determines the organism's appearance
    • Recessive: no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
    • Homozygous: gene with a pair of identical alleles
    • Heterozygous: gene with two different alleles
    • Phenotype: an organism's appearance or observable traits
    • Genotype: genetic makeup
    • Monohybrids: heterozygous for one particular character
    • Dihybrids: heterozygous for two particular characters
    • Pleiotropy: having multiple phenotypic effects, especially in alleles
    • Epistasis: phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus
    • Quantitative characters: vary in the population in gradations along a continuum

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    Description

    This quiz covers stoichiometry concepts including molecular and empirical formulas, ionic and transition metal nomenclature, and chemical formulas. Review for UPCAT exams.

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