Untitled Quiz

An overactive or misdirected immune response causing tissue damage.

Immune reactions targeting self-tissue.

Allergic reactions, rapid response to allergens.

Release of inflammatory mediators like histamine and leukotrienes.

Causes vasodilation, permeability increase & smooth muscle contraction in allergic reactions.

Antibody-mediated reaction; antibodies attack cells or tissue components.

Example of Type II hypersensitivity; cells targeted by antibodies.

Immunity's overzealous response to harmless substances.

A failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, leading to the body attacking its own tissues.

The process of eliminating self-reactive T and B cells during their development in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively.

The process of disabling or eliminating self-reactive lymphocytes in the body's tissues and blood.

Functional inactivation of self-reactive lymphocytes.

A type of T cell that helps to control the immune response and prevent autoimmune reactions.

A chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems.

Antibodies produced by the immune system that target the body's own tissues.

Genetic factors, infections, tissue injury can all trigger or worsen autoimmune disease.

A disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

The proportion of variation in a trait within a population that is due to genetic differences.

The level of genetic and environmental factors that must be reached for a multifactorial disease to develop.

Changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence.

A chemical modification of DNA that can control gene expression.

One X chromosome in females is randomly silenced to equalize gene expression between males and females.

A phenomenon where only one allele of a gene is expressed, depending on the parent of origin.

A specific DNA region where methylation patterns control gene expression for imprinted genes.

A serious eating disorder primarily affecting young women characterized by extreme weight loss, distorted body image, self-starvation, and endocrine abnormalities.

An eating disorder marked by cycles of binge eating and purging (vomiting, laxatives, etc.) typically with a normal weight.

Absence of menstruation, a common symptom of Anorexia Nervosa due to decreased hormone production.

A pathological sign of Anorexia Nervosa where bone marrow becomes gelatinous, indicating decreased bone density.

Imbalances in electrolytes (like potassium) common in both Anorexia and Bulimia, leading to potentially life-threatening complications.

Low potassium levels in the blood, a common electrolyte abnormality in eating disorders.

Irregular heartbeats, a serious complication of electrolyte imbalances in eating disorders.

Inhaling vomit into the lungs, a dangerous complication associated with purging in Bulimia.

Conditions that increase the likelihood of developing diabetes, including genetics, age, gender, obesity, stress, elevated homocysteine levels, and elevated C-reactive protein.

A marker of inflammation, often elevated in individuals with diabetes, indicating underlying inflammation.

Diabetes can accelerate atherosclerosis, the formation of plaque in arteries, due to high sugar levels damaging blood vessels.

Early stage of atherosclerosis where fat deposits accumulate on artery walls, reversible and can progress to more serious plaque.

A type of plaque most prone to rupture, with a weak covering, making it unstable and dangerous.

Severe narrowing of an artery due to large plaque buildup, causing significant restriction of blood flow.

Blockage of blood vessels can lead to severe conditions such as heart attack, stroke, aortic aneurysm, and peripheral vascular disease.

The development of atherosclerosis progresses through several stages: fatty streaks, plaques, stenosis, ischemia, plaque rupture, thrombosis.

Lack of vitamin B12, crucial for red blood cell production and nervous system function, caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption, or autoimmune conditions like pernicious anemia.

Autoimmune disease affecting the stomach, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor and impaired absorption.

A protein produced by the stomach lining, essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines.

Absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice, hindering vitamin B12 absorption.

Lack of vitamin C, crucial for collagen synthesis, antioxidant function, and iron absorption.

Disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, leading to weak connective tissue, bleeding gums, skin problems, and fatigue.

Process of building collagen, a protein essential for skin, bones, cartilage, and blood vessels.

Enzymes that modify proline and lysine, key amino acids in collagen production, requiring vitamin C as a cofactor.