14_Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is a structural division of the nervous system?

  • Somatic nervous system
  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system

    • Where are neurons located in the central nervous system?

  • Nuclei (correct)
  • Tracts
  • Ganglia
  • Nerves

    • What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system?

  • Processes and integrates signals
  • Senses the external and internal environment (correct)
  • Carries out responses
  • Sends information to the central nervous system

    • What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

    <p>Sensation, integration, and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a functional division of the nervous system?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the central nervous system?

    <p>Processes and integrates signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Ganglia and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries out integrative functions and facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell insulates axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell surrounds cell bodies of neurons and provides support to them in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Satellite cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of axon is entirely covered by myelin?

    <p>Myelinated nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the nervous system can axons successfully regenerate after injury?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between a neuron and its target cell called?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands everywhere in the body?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of the smooth muscle and glands in the digestive system?

    <p>Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons have only one process (axon and dendrite combined) emerging from the soma?

    <p>Unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons have two processes (one axon and one dendrite) emerging from the soma?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons have multiple processes emerging from the soma?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is responsible for generating electrical signals?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells provide insulation for axons in the nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To facilitate the transmission of electrical signals along the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is saltatory conduction?

    <p>The transmission of electrical signals along the axon in myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is continuous conduction?

    <p>The transmission of electrical signals along the axon in unmyelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are electrical synapses?

    <p>Physical connections between neurons formed through gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are electrical synapses found?

    <p>Throughout the nervous system and between excitable cells other than neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chemical synapses?

    <p>Chemical connections between neurons formed through gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the action potential reaches the synaptic end bulb in a chemical synapse?

    <p>The neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

    <p>The endocrine system transmits chemical signals, while the nervous system transmits electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The nervous system can be divided structurally into central and peripheral nervous systems?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The peripheral nervous system senses the external and internal environment and carries out the response from the central nervous system?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Neurons in the central nervous system are located in nuclei?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are located in ganglia?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Tracts are the projections of neurons within the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The basic functions of the nervous system are sensation, integration, and response?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glial cells are responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Neurons have the ability to divide and form new cells?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Unipolar neurons have multiple processes emerging from the soma?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The axon is the process of a neuron that carries the information from the soma?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Bipolar neurons are found in ganglia?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Multipolar neurons have only one process (axon and dendrite combined) emerging from the soma?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The somatic nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands everywhere in the body?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Neurons can be classified based on where they are found, who found them, what they do, or the chemicals they use to communicate with each other.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sensory neurons receive sensory information directly from the stimulus itself.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Interneurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Motor neurons carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glial cells are more numerous than neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Oligodendrocytes insulate axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are able to grow back to their original target after injury.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Myelinated axons conduct electrical impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Gap junctions are involved in electrical synapses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Chemical synapses involve direct contact between neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft in chemical synapses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The endocrine system transmits signals through the bloodstream.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The nervous system can only affect cells it directly contacts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The myelin sheath is made up of lipid-rich cells called oligodendrocytes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Electrical synapses are found between neurons and other excitable cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The nervous system is responsible for both voluntary and involuntary control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Structure and Functions

    • Structural divisions of the nervous system include the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • Neurons in the CNS are located in nuclei.
    • The main function of the PNS is to transmit signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.

    Basic Functions

    • The basic functions of the nervous system are sensation, integration, and response.
    • The CNS is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses through the somatic nervous system.
    • Involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands is managed by the autonomic nervous system.

    Functional Division

    • The functional division includes two parts: the somatic nervous system (voluntary) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary).

    Neurons and Their Types

    • Motor neurons carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.
    • Interneurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.
    • Types of neurons:
      • Unipolar neurons have one process emerging from the soma.
      • Bipolar neurons have two processes (one axon, one dendrite).
      • Multipolar neurons have multiple processes emerging from the soma.

    Glial Cells

    • Oligodendrocytes insulate axons in the CNS.
    • Satellite cells surround cell bodies of neurons providing support in the PNS.

    Axon and Myelin

    • Myelinated axons are entirely covered by a myelin sheath, enhancing signal transmission speed.
    • Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.
    • The myelin sheath is made of lipid-rich cells, primarily oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS.

    Signal Transmission

    • The myelin sheath increases the efficiency of electrical signals through saltatory conduction (jumping between nodes of Ranvier).
    • In contrast, continuous conduction occurs in unmyelinated axons.
    • Electrical synapses utilize gap junctions for direct communication between excitable cells, while chemical synapses involve neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft.

    Neuronal Regeneration and Cell Communication

    • Axons can regenerate successfully in the PNS after injury, unlike in the CNS where regeneration is limited.
    • The connection between a neuron and its target cell is called a synapse.

    Comparison with Other Systems

    • The nervous system differs from the endocrine system in signal transmission. The endocrine system uses the bloodstream for signaling.
    • Unlike the endocrine system, the nervous system requires direct contact to affect target cells.

    True/False Statements

    • True: The nervous system can be divided structurally into central and peripheral nervous systems.
    • True: The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
    • True: Neurons in the PNS are located in ganglia.
    • True: Glial cells are more numerous than neurons.
    • False: Neurons in the CNS are located in tracts (they are in nuclei).
    • False: Tracts are projections in the CNS, while nerves are in the PNS.
    • True: Sensory neurons receive sensory information from direct stimuli.
    • True: Interneurons facilitate communication between neurons.
    • False: Oligodendrocytes do not insulate axons in the PNS; that is the role of Schwann cells.
    • False: Neurons have limited ability to divide or regenerate.

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    Discover the various classifications of neurons in this informative quiz. Explore different ways neurons can be classified based on their location, discovery, function, and communication methods. Challenge your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the fascinating world of neurons.

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