Pharmacology

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for anticholinesterase?

↑ Cholinergic signaling

Which treatment is used to alkalize urine in salicylate toxicity?

NaHCO3

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for benzodiazepines?

CNS depression

Which treatment is used to stabilize cardiac cell membranes in tricyclic antidepressant toxicity?

NaHCO3

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for methanol?

CNS depression and metabolic acidosis

Which treatment is used to chelate copper in copper toxicity?

Penicillamine

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for arsenic?

Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Which treatment is used to reverse opioid toxicity?

Naloxone

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for carbon monoxide?

Binding to hemoglobin and inhibition of cellular respiration

Which treatment is used to chelate iron in iron toxicity?

Deferoxamine

What is the main function of enzymes in biological reactions?

To decrease the activation energy of a reaction

What is the term for the study of the rate of reactions catalyzed by enzymes?

Enzyme kinetics

What type of inhibition occurs when a ligand interacts with a site other than the binding site of an enzyme?

Noncompetitive inhibition

What is the term for a protein that helps to maintain the structural integrity of a cell?

Anchor

What type of receptor is involved in the transmission of an external stimulus into a signal?

G protein-coupled receptor

What is the term for the maximum effect that can be produced by a ligand?

Efficacy

What is the term for a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to cause an effect?

Ligand

What is the term for the concentration of a drug required to produce an effect?

Potency

What is the term for an inhibitor that competes with an agonist for the same binding site on a receptor?

Competitive antagonist

What is the term for a graph that shows the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect?

Dose-response curve

What is the effect of cyanide on cellular metabolism?

Decreases cellular metabolism

What is the mechanism of toxicity of scombroid toxin?

Releases histamine via bacterial histidine decarboxylase

What is the treatment for scombroid toxin?

Anti-histamines

What is the effect of tetrodotoxin on nerves?

Blocks Na+ channels in nerves

What is the mechanism of toxicity of ciguatoxin?

Opens Na+ channels in nerves

What is the treatment for ciguatoxin?

Supportive care

What is the effect of sodium nitrites on hemoglobin?

Converts Hb to MetHb

What is the mechanism of action of cyanide?

Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase

What is the effect of age on pharmacokinetics?

Decreases drug elimination

What is the purpose of BioRender.com?

To create diagrams for pharmacology