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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor to consider when preventing urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
What is the primary factor to consider when preventing urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
- Calcium to phosphorus ratio (correct)
- Sodium bicarbonate inclusion
- Magnesium intake
- Vitamin A levels
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
- High water intake
- High vitamin A content
- Acidic water
- High magnesium intake (correct)
When responding to a case of urolithiasis, what is the initial step that should be taken?
When responding to a case of urolithiasis, what is the initial step that should be taken?
- Check and correct the Ca:P ratio if necessary (correct)
- Perform a perineal urethrostomy
- Administer antibiotics
- Immediately quit affected cattle
What additive can be used to acidify urine in cattle to help dissolve calculus in a urolithiasis case?
What additive can be used to acidify urine in cattle to help dissolve calculus in a urolithiasis case?
In managing urolithiasis cases, when is perineal urethrostomy considered as a treatment option?
In managing urolithiasis cases, when is perineal urethrostomy considered as a treatment option?
Which of the following is identified as a key factor that drives Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
Which of the following is identified as a key factor that drives Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
How is Salmonellosis primarily transmitted among feedlot cattle?
How is Salmonellosis primarily transmitted among feedlot cattle?
What role can clinically normal cattle play in the spread of Salmonellosis?
What role can clinically normal cattle play in the spread of Salmonellosis?
Which aspect of water sources increases the infectious challenge of Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
Which aspect of water sources increases the infectious challenge of Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
What characteristic clinical sign is associated with Salmonellosis in cattle scours?
What characteristic clinical sign is associated with Salmonellosis in cattle scours?
Besides scours, what other clinical signs are typically observed in cattle affected by Salmonellosis?
Besides scours, what other clinical signs are typically observed in cattle affected by Salmonellosis?
What other condition's diagnoses can Salmonellosis be confused with?
What other condition's diagnoses can Salmonellosis be confused with?
What is a common treatment used to address Salmonellosis?
What is a common treatment used to address Salmonellosis?
Besides medication, what management practice is essential for controlling the spread of Salmonellosis?
Besides medication, what management practice is essential for controlling the spread of Salmonellosis?
What are the key preventative measures for Salmonellosis?
What are the key preventative measures for Salmonellosis?
Which of the following parasites may affect feedlot cattle?
Which of the following parasites may affect feedlot cattle?
Why is the treatment of fluke and liver scarring viewed as a complex issue in feedlot cattle?
Why is the treatment of fluke and liver scarring viewed as a complex issue in feedlot cattle?
Which statement best describes Coccidiosis?
Which statement best describes Coccidiosis?
How is Coccidiosis primarily transmitted?
How is Coccidiosis primarily transmitted?
What clinical sign is associated with Coccidiosis?
What clinical sign is associated with Coccidiosis?
What class of drugs are given to treat Coccidiosis?
What class of drugs are given to treat Coccidiosis?
Which of the following factors contributes to the formation of urinary calculi in feedlot cattle, leading to urolithiasis?
Which of the following factors contributes to the formation of urinary calculi in feedlot cattle, leading to urolithiasis?
A feedlot manager observes several cattle exhibiting signs of tenesmus and abdominal straining, accompanied by the passing of small amounts of blood-tinged urine. Which feed-related condition is most likely affecting these animals?
A feedlot manager observes several cattle exhibiting signs of tenesmus and abdominal straining, accompanied by the passing of small amounts of blood-tinged urine. Which feed-related condition is most likely affecting these animals?
A veterinarian recommends acidifying the urine of feedlot cattle to prevent urolithiasis. What is the primary mechanism by which urine acidification reduces the risk of this condition?
A veterinarian recommends acidifying the urine of feedlot cattle to prevent urolithiasis. What is the primary mechanism by which urine acidification reduces the risk of this condition?
A feedlot experiences a sudden increase in morbidity due to acute enteritis, characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea and dehydration. Fecal cultures reveal the presence of Salmonella spp. Which of the following management practices would be most effective in controlling the spread of this infection?
A feedlot experiences a sudden increase in morbidity due to acute enteritis, characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea and dehydration. Fecal cultures reveal the presence of Salmonella spp. Which of the following management practices would be most effective in controlling the spread of this infection?
A feedlot manager notices a group of calves exhibiting signs of severe diarrhea, weight loss, and dehydration. Fecal examination reveals the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. What type of parasitic infection are these calves suffering from?
A feedlot manager notices a group of calves exhibiting signs of severe diarrhea, weight loss, and dehydration. Fecal examination reveals the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. What type of parasitic infection are these calves suffering from?
What is the role of water contamination of Salmonella?
What is the role of water contamination of Salmonella?
The single most factor for the prevention of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle is Ca:P or the calcium/phosphorus ratio. What does this mean for the prevention of urolithiasis?
The single most factor for the prevention of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle is Ca:P or the calcium/phosphorus ratio. What does this mean for the prevention of urolithiasis?
True or false: Lice is the most important parasite in feedlot cattle.
True or false: Lice is the most important parasite in feedlot cattle.
What is the treatment for salmonellosis?
What is the treatment for salmonellosis?
Besides scours, the following clinical signs may include...
Besides scours, the following clinical signs may include...
T or F: Alkaline water may cause urolithiasis?
T or F: Alkaline water may cause urolithiasis?
Acidifying the urine acidifies calculus but takes how long?
Acidifying the urine acidifies calculus but takes how long?
What is a coccidiostat ionophore?
What is a coccidiostat ionophore?
Besides In feed TMS, what is another method of Salmonellosis prevention?
Besides In feed TMS, what is another method of Salmonellosis prevention?
An area that requires more research on helminths is....
An area that requires more research on helminths is....
Salmonella can be involved in BRD as what?
Salmonella can be involved in BRD as what?
True or False: Economics do not vary with cattle age for helminths.
True or False: Economics do not vary with cattle age for helminths.
To prevent the infectious challenge of salmonellosis, what should you do?
To prevent the infectious challenge of salmonellosis, what should you do?
Flashcards
What is Urolithiasis?
What is Urolithiasis?
A metabolic disease where urinary stones form, blocking the urinary tract.
How to prevent urolithiasis?
How to prevent urolithiasis?
Maintain a proper calcium to phosphorus ratio in feedlot cattle.
What to be wary of regarding urolithiasis?
What to be wary of regarding urolithiasis?
High phosphorus feeds, high magnesium intake, low vitamin A, alkaline water, sodium bicarbonate, high sorghum diets, low water intake and history.
Response to a urolithiasis case?
Response to a urolithiasis case?
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What is Salmonellosis?
What is Salmonellosis?
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Salmonellosis carriers?
Salmonellosis carriers?
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What are causes of Salmonellosis?
What are causes of Salmonellosis?
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What are the clinical signs of Salmonellosis?
What are the clinical signs of Salmonellosis?
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How to treat Salmonellosis?
How to treat Salmonellosis?
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How to prevent Salmonellosis?
How to prevent Salmonellosis?
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What are common feedlot medicine parasites?
What are common feedlot medicine parasites?
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Helminths considerations?
Helminths considerations?
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What is Coccidiosis?
What is Coccidiosis?
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Study Notes
Urolithiasis
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Most important factor to prevent urolithiasis in feedlot cattle is the Calcium to Phosphate ratio (Ca:P)
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V. hi. P feeds (e.g. millmix) can cause urolithiasis.
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High Mg intake (>6 g/kg) can cause urolithiasis.
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Low vitamin A can cause urolithiasis.
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Alkaline water can cause urolithiasis.
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Excessive sodium bicarb inclusion can cause urolithiasis.
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High sorghum diets can cause urolithiasis.
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Low water intake (winter, cleanliness, TDS) can cause urolithiasis.
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History of urolithiasis can be a factor.
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Check Ca:P and correct if necessary in response to a urolithiasis case
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Acidify the urine with 1% NH4Cl (calculus type, takes ~1 week)
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Quit affected cattle ASAP
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Perineal urethrostomy may be a solution in high value cattle
Salmonellosis
- Inanition is a key driver for salmonellosis
- Some clinically normal cattle act as carriers/shedders
- Faeco-oral transmission spreads salmonellosis
- Drinking water contaminated by water-fowl increases infectious challenge
- Salmonellae can be involved in BRD as opportunistic pathogens
Salmonellosis – Clinical Presentation
- Clinical signs include verdant green scours with shreds of mucus, possibly mucosa, progressing to watery and yellow diarrhoea
- Depression and lethargy are clinical signs
- Anorexia is a clinical sign
- Marked pyrexia is a clinical sign
- Can be confused with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), so check diagnoses if BRD CFR increases
Salmonellosis - Treatment
- TMS (OTC) is a treatment
- Isolation reduces infectious challenge to peers
- In-feed medication with OTC can reduce spread
Salmonellosis - Prevention
- Prevent time off feed
- Keep water and feed troughs clean
- Treat contaminated water by chlorination
- Administer in-feed TMS
Feedlot Medicine - Parasites
- Lice are not important to production
- Helminths are parasites important to feedlot medicine
- Coccidiosis is a parasite important to feedlot medicine
Feedlot Medicine – Helminths
- Economics of treatment depends on age of cattle and existing parasite burden
- Sustained activity from the anthelmintic is not necessary
- Evaluating the economics of treating fluke should account for age of liver scarring if condemnations are a problem
- This is an area requiring additional research
Feedlot Medicine – Coccidiosis
- Eimeria spp. causes coccidiosis
- Usually young cattle are affected, but can affect bullocks
- Faeco-oral transmission spread coccidiosis
- Half-moon smudge – virtually frank blood is a sign
- Coccidiostat ionophores treat/prevent coccidiosis
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