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Questions and Answers

What happens to hydrostatic pressure in dilated blood vessels?

It becomes unstable

It increases

It remains the same

It decreases (correct)

What is the term for the increased blood flow in an area due to local heat?

Passive Hyperemia (correct)

Heat Shock Response

Passive Derivation

Local Vasodilation

What is the effect of heat on pain and muscle spasm?

It only affects muscle spasm

It decreases pain and muscle spasm (correct)

It has no effect on pain and muscle spasm

It increases pain and muscle spasm

What is the effect of heat on local tissue temperature and metabolism?

It increases both Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat on local blood pressure?

It decreases local blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is an additional effect of heat on soft tissue structures?

It increases fascial excursion and decreases joint stiffness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of blood vessels in thermoregulation?

To change diameter in response to temperature stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood vessels during vasoconstriction?

They narrow in response to cold Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of goosebumps/piloerection?

To provide a non-moving layer of air close to the skin's surface to retain heat Signup and view all the answers

What happens to systemic metabolism when the core body temperature increases?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dry brushing?

To stimulate the circulation of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Heat loss and gain Signup and view all the answers

What type of strokes are used in dry brushing?

Long, circular strokes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of water that helps in thermoregulation?

High specific heat and thermal conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cold mitten friction?

To cool the body temperature Signup and view all the answers

How should the wash mitt be prepared for cold mitten friction?

Soak the mitt in cool, cold or very cold water Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of shivering in response to cold?

Increased heat generation in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a salt glow?

To exfoliate the skin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood flow during vasodilation?

Blood is moved from the core towards the skin's surface Signup and view all the answers

How is the salt applied in a salt glow?

In a saw-like motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of washings?

To energize the body Signup and view all the answers

When should washings be applied?

First thing in the morning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying a thermophore/hydrocollator treatment followed by a cold/cryotherapy application?

To flush a region that has just been treated with specific myofascial and massage techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of castor oil that has anti-inflammatory effects?

Ricinoleic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of applying castor oil with a heat source?

Facilitates absorption of the oil Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for using castor oil therapy?

Chronic arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Where should castor oil be applied to potentially regulate metabolism?

Over the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of using castor oil therapy regularly?

Regulates metabolism locally Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential use of castor oil therapy?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to castor oil in Latin?

Palma Christi Signup and view all the answers

What is the nail bed test used for?

To evaluate patients with vascular disorders or compression from an ice bandage Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before starting a hydrotherapy treatment?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a patient experiences a negative reaction during hydrotherapy?

Stop the treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule for hydrotherapy application?

As warm as necessary, as cold as possible Signup and view all the answers

What should you consider when explaining the procedure to the patient?

The procedure, rationale, risks, and benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that you cannot control during hydrotherapy?

The patient's general body type Signup and view all the answers

Why should you not do the same hydrotherapy application daily?

Because the body adapts to the same application Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you notice a negative reaction during hydrotherapy?

Stop the treatment and modify it Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thermoregulation

Blood vessels just below the skin's surface play a vital role in thermoregulation by changing diameter in response to temperature stimuli.
Heat conserving mechanisms:
Vasoconstriction: blood vessels narrow in response to cold to minimize heat loss from the skin's surface.
Systemic metabolism increases to generate more heat in the body.
Shivering: skeletal muscles contract rapidly, generating heat.
Goosebumps/piloerection: provides a non-moving layer of air close to the skin, helping to retain heat.
Heat releasing mechanisms:
Vasodilation: blood vessels widen in response to heat, allowing more blood to move towards the skin's surface.
Perspiration: sweat glands secrete water and waste products, removing heat from the body as moisture evaporates.
Skeletal muscle tone decreases.
Systemic metabolism decreases, reducing internally generated heat.

Properties of Water

High capacity to absorb, store, and release heat.
Specific heat and thermal conductivity.

Hydrotherapy Application

Always adapt the treatment to the patient.
Prepare the treatment space (draft-free, clean, calm) and have all necessary equipment ready.
CONSENT for hydrotherapy:
Explain the procedure, rationale, risks, and benefits.
Describe the draping involved.
Stop/modify the treatment if necessary.
Ask for consent.
Have the patient void before the treatment.
Stay with the patient during the treatment.
Watch for any negative reactions and check tissue response.
Stop the treatment if a negative reaction occurs.
More is not better: do not over-tax the patient with a treatment that is too extreme or prolonged.
The same hydrotherapy application should not be done daily, the same way, or at the same time.

Treatment Variables

Variables that cannot be controlled:
Reaction of the patient or patient's skin.
General body type.
State of mind of the patient pre-treatment.
Age of the patient.
Execution of self-care instructions (self-care compliance).
Variables that can be controlled:
Hydrostatic pressure will decrease in dilated blood vessels.

Physiological Effects of Local Heat

Passive derivation and passive hyperemia: increased local circulation via vasodilation.
Increased local tissue temperature and metabolism.
Decreased pain, muscle spasm.
Direct effects on soft tissue structures: mediated through the nervous system.
Heat increases fascial excursion, decreases joint stiffness.
Sedation/relaxation with optimal temperatures.
Increased local sweat production leading to detoxification.
Reflex effects on organs.
Local blood pressure decreases (through vasodilation).

Dry Brushing

Uses a dry, natural fibre brush to massage the body, stimulating circulation.
Good for patients who don't like cold.
Excellent for physical and mental wake-up.

Procedure for Dry Brushing

Brisk, circular, long strokes with pressure towards the heart.
Limbs are brushed from joint to joint, beginning on the lateral aspect and then medial aspect.
Start at the distal aspect of each limb.
A soothing hand stroke between brushings can be added for sensitive skin.
Brush the area until hyperemia occurs.

Cold Mitten Friction

An application of cool or cold water to the skin with friction using a wash mitt or small towel.
Procedure:
Soak a flannel wash mitt in cool, cold, or very cold water.
Wring the mitt out so that it is wet but not dripping.
Undrape the area of the body to be treated.
Rapidly rub the cold mitt over the skin's surface, covering all areas.
Do not dry off the area. Re-cover.

Salt Glow

Application of slightly moistened cold/cool salt to the body using friction.
Procedure:
Use 1-2 cups coarse salt, pickling salt, Epsom salts, or sea salt.
Apply a salt glow standing in a tub or in a shower before finishing with a salt bath or cool shower/rinse.
Salt is applied in a saw-like motion with more or less pressure depending on the area.

Washings

A gentle application of cool or cold water to the skin with minimal friction.
Can be very energizing first thing in the day.
Excellent to "flush" a region that has just been treated with specific myofascial and massage techniques.

Castor Oil Compress

A compress made of wool flannel saturated with castor oil, with a heat source used to facilitate absorption.
Castor oil:
Is a vegetable oil obtained from the castor bean.
Is a triglyceride consisting mostly of Ricinoleic acid, which has anti-inflammatory effects.
Penetrates deep into the skin due to its low molecular mass.
Is added to many modern drugs.
Physiological effects:
Exceptionally healing.
Increases circulation locally (mainly when used with a heat source).
Potentially regulates metabolism locally (when used regularly).
Improves elimination in the GI tract/genito-urinary tract (when applied over the abdomen).
Improves organ function locally/reflexly.
Improves lymphatic flow locally/reflexly.
Can enhance detox of organs and tissues.
Recent studies suggest that castor oil can strengthen the immune system.
Indications/uses:
Chronic muscle/tendon/ligament condition/injury.
Scar tissue.
Chronic arthritis.
Headaches.
Insomnia (applied over the abdomen).
Ovarian cysts/PCOD/menstrual cramps/menopausal symptoms (applied over the lower abdomen).
Digestive conditions (atonic constipation).
Kidney/liver or gall bladder conditions.
May help with inflammatory bowel disease (between flare-ups).
Skin disorders.
Sinusitis.
Varicose veins (applied overnight).
Cystic breast disease.

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