altklasur von Toni erhalten mit antworten Medical Biology
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Questions and Answers

CpG nucleotides:

  • There is relatively small transition frequency C to T
  • The nucleotides cytosine and uracil often occur together
  • They are often acetylated in genomic DNA
  • Are the ‘focal points’ for mutation (correct)

    • Purine nitrogen bases are

  • Adenine and cytosine
  • Adenine and thymine
  • Adenine and guanine (correct)
  • Adenine, thymine and uracil

    • DNA replication

  • Is semiconservative (correct)
  • Starts in cytoplasm
  • Occurs only in specific cell types
  • All answers are correct

    • Tyrosine kinase enzymes:

    <p>Are important in metabolism of many drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin of replication

    <p>Is a place in nucleus where replication occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adding a polyA tail

    <p>Is a process of mRNA processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Repetitive DNA sequences

    <p>Are usually not translated into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA primase

    <p>Produces RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Telomerase

    <p>Is very active in tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chromosomes

    <p>No answer is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene mapping

    <p>all answer are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leptotene is

    <p>Prophase I Meiosis I phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first human disease genes

    <p>Were identified through knowledge of the gene location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mapping of the gene responsible for Waardenburg syndrome:

    <p>Is example of finding gene by using animal model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1 centimorgan (cM)

    <p>Is used as a measure for genetic distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human genome project:

    <p>all answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is considerable variation in the way different individuals respond to certain drugs. This variability in response can be:

    <p>Trimodal if there is different response for all three genotypes in monogenic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slow isoniazid inactivators:

    <p>are more likely to exhibit side effects of hydralazine, which is an antihypertensive, and sulfasalazine, which is a sulfonamide derivative used to treat Crohn disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

    <p>G6PD deficient individuals are sensitive to many compounds, such as primaquine, phenacetin, nitrofurantoin, certain sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More than 20 % of prescribed drugs are metabolized by enzyme:

    <p>no correct answer is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xeroderma pigmentosum is disease with mutated genes for

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young

    <p>Patients with mutations in the HNF1A or HNF4A genes can be transferred from insulin to sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

    <p>all answer are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA transcription

    <p>The transcribed mRNA molecule is the sense strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    mRNA splicing

    <p>The non-contiguous coding exons are spliced together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyribosomes are

    <p>No correct is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peptidyl transferase catalyzes

    <p>Formation of peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA-Mediated Control of Gene Expression

    <p>Involves small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs):

    <p>Act by blocking translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations:

    <p>All answer are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic load of the population consists of

    <p>No correct answer is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transition is:

    <p>Substitution that involves replacement by the same type of nucleotide – a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine or a purine for a purine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Triplet repeat expansions

    <p>Can occur due to slipped-strand mispairing and polymerase slippage in replicating DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synonymous mutation

    <p>Does not alter the polypeptide product of the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heteroplasmy is

    <p>No correct answer is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of DNA repair mechanisms include:

    <p>Cleavage of DNA strand by endonuclease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyploidy

    <p>Is the addition of one of more complete haploid complements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Down syndrome:

    <p>all answer are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isochromosomes

    <p>No correct answer is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real-Time PCR

    <p>No correct answer is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mitochondrial genome

    <p>Codes only for 37 genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene transfer in gene therapy can be carried out:

    <p>ex vivo and in vivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adenovirus in gene therapy

    <p>Are suitable for targeted treatment of specific tissues such as respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liposomes:

    <p>Are lipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous vesicle that facilitate the introduction of foreign DNA into a target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zinc-finger nucleases (ZNFs)

    <p>Are used in gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent methylation of nucleotides:

    <p>The most common form of DNA modification – the biochemical mechanism for epigenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cancer cells:

    <p>No answer is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Y chromosome:

    <p>Is smaller than the X chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acid is composed:

    <p>all answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barr body is:

    <p>The inactive X chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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