50 Questions
CpG nucleotides:
Are the ‘focal points’ for mutation
Purine nitrogen bases are
Adenine and guanine
DNA replication
Is semiconservative
Tyrosine kinase enzymes:
Are important in metabolism of many drugs
Origin of replication
Is a place in nucleus where replication occurs
Adding a polyA tail
Is a process of mRNA processing
Repetitive DNA sequences
Are usually not translated into proteins
RNA primase
Produces RNA primer
Telomerase
Is very active in tumor cells
Chromosomes
No answer is correct
Gene mapping
all answer are correct
Leptotene is
Prophase I Meiosis I phase
The first human disease genes
Were identified through knowledge of the gene location
Mapping of the gene responsible for Waardenburg syndrome:
Is example of finding gene by using animal model
1 centimorgan (cM)
Is used as a measure for genetic distances
Human genome project:
all answers are correct
There is considerable variation in the way different individuals respond to certain drugs. This variability in response can be:
Trimodal if there is different response for all three genotypes in monogenic metabolism
Slow isoniazid inactivators:
are more likely to exhibit side effects of hydralazine, which is an antihypertensive, and sulfasalazine, which is a sulfonamide derivative used to treat Crohn disease
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
G6PD deficient individuals are sensitive to many compounds, such as primaquine, phenacetin, nitrofurantoin, certain sulfonamides
More than 20 % of prescribed drugs are metabolized by enzyme:
no correct answer is provided
Xeroderma pigmentosum is disease with mutated genes for
Nucleotide excision repair
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
Patients with mutations in the HNF1A or HNF4A genes can be transferred from insulin to sulfonylureas
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
all answer are correct
RNA transcription
The transcribed mRNA molecule is the sense strand
mRNA splicing
The non-contiguous coding exons are spliced together
Polyribosomes are
No correct is provided
Peptidyl transferase catalyzes
Formation of peptide bonds
RNA-Mediated Control of Gene Expression
Involves small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs):
Act by blocking translation
Mutations:
All answer are correct
Genetic load of the population consists of
No correct answer is provided
Transition is:
Substitution that involves replacement by the same type of nucleotide – a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine or a purine for a purine
Triplet repeat expansions
Can occur due to slipped-strand mispairing and polymerase slippage in replicating DNA
Synonymous mutation
Does not alter the polypeptide product of the gene
Heteroplasmy is
No correct answer is provided
The majority of DNA repair mechanisms include:
Cleavage of DNA strand by endonuclease
Polyploidy
Is the addition of one of more complete haploid complements
Down syndrome:
all answer are correct
Isochromosomes
No correct answer is provided
Real-Time PCR
No correct answer is provided
The mitochondrial genome
Codes only for 37 genes
Gene transfer in gene therapy can be carried out:
ex vivo and in vivo
Adenovirus in gene therapy
Are suitable for targeted treatment of specific tissues such as respiratory tract
Liposomes:
Are lipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous vesicle that facilitate the introduction of foreign DNA into a target cell
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZNFs)
Are used in gene therapy
Covalent methylation of nucleotides:
The most common form of DNA modification – the biochemical mechanism for epigenetics
Cancer cells:
No answer is correct
Y chromosome:
Is smaller than the X chromosome
Nucleic acid is composed:
all answers are correct
Barr body is:
The inactive X chromosome
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