altklasur von Toni erhalten mit antworten Medical Biology
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Questions and Answers

CpG nucleotides:

  • There is relatively small transition frequency C to T
  • The nucleotides cytosine and uracil often occur together
  • They are often acetylated in genomic DNA
  • Are the ‘focal points’ for mutation (correct)

Purine nitrogen bases are

  • Adenine and cytosine
  • Adenine and thymine
  • Adenine and guanine (correct)
  • Adenine, thymine and uracil

DNA replication

  • Is semiconservative (correct)
  • Starts in cytoplasm
  • Occurs only in specific cell types
  • All answers are correct

Tyrosine kinase enzymes:

<p>Are important in metabolism of many drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Origin of replication

<p>Is a place in nucleus where replication occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adding a polyA tail

<p>Is a process of mRNA processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Repetitive DNA sequences

<p>Are usually not translated into proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA primase

<p>Produces RNA primer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Telomerase

<p>Is very active in tumor cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromosomes

<p>No answer is correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gene mapping

<p>all answer are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leptotene is

<p>Prophase I Meiosis I phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first human disease genes

<p>Were identified through knowledge of the gene location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mapping of the gene responsible for Waardenburg syndrome:

<p>Is example of finding gene by using animal model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 centimorgan (cM)

<p>Is used as a measure for genetic distances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human genome project:

<p>all answers are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is considerable variation in the way different individuals respond to certain drugs. This variability in response can be:

<p>Trimodal if there is different response for all three genotypes in monogenic metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slow isoniazid inactivators:

<p>are more likely to exhibit side effects of hydralazine, which is an antihypertensive, and sulfasalazine, which is a sulfonamide derivative used to treat Crohn disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

<p>G6PD deficient individuals are sensitive to many compounds, such as primaquine, phenacetin, nitrofurantoin, certain sulfonamides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than 20 % of prescribed drugs are metabolized by enzyme:

<p>no correct answer is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xeroderma pigmentosum is disease with mutated genes for

<p>Nucleotide excision repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young

<p>Patients with mutations in the HNF1A or HNF4A genes can be transferred from insulin to sulfonylureas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

<p>all answer are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA transcription

<p>The transcribed mRNA molecule is the sense strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

mRNA splicing

<p>The non-contiguous coding exons are spliced together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polyribosomes are

<p>No correct is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peptidyl transferase catalyzes

<p>Formation of peptide bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA-Mediated Control of Gene Expression

<p>Involves small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs):

<p>Act by blocking translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mutations:

<p>All answer are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic load of the population consists of

<p>No correct answer is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transition is:

<p>Substitution that involves replacement by the same type of nucleotide – a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine or a purine for a purine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Triplet repeat expansions

<p>Can occur due to slipped-strand mispairing and polymerase slippage in replicating DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synonymous mutation

<p>Does not alter the polypeptide product of the gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heteroplasmy is

<p>No correct answer is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of DNA repair mechanisms include:

<p>Cleavage of DNA strand by endonuclease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polyploidy

<p>Is the addition of one of more complete haploid complements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Down syndrome:

<p>all answer are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isochromosomes

<p>No correct answer is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Real-Time PCR

<p>No correct answer is provided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mitochondrial genome

<p>Codes only for 37 genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gene transfer in gene therapy can be carried out:

<p>ex vivo and in vivo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adenovirus in gene therapy

<p>Are suitable for targeted treatment of specific tissues such as respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liposomes:

<p>Are lipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous vesicle that facilitate the introduction of foreign DNA into a target cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZNFs)

<p>Are used in gene therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Covalent methylation of nucleotides:

<p>The most common form of DNA modification – the biochemical mechanism for epigenetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer cells:

<p>No answer is correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Y chromosome:

<p>Is smaller than the X chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nucleic acid is composed:

<p>all answers are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Barr body is:

<p>The inactive X chromosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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